Kugoverwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza masisitimu anokwirisa magridi nekugadzirisa kushanduka kwemagetsi, kudzora frequency, kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi, uye kugonesa yakakwirira renewable simba kupinda. Aya masisitimu anopindura mukati me100-500 milliseconds kune kuvhiringika kwegridi, ichipa kuchinjika iyo yepakati simba masisitimu haigone kuenderana.
Magetsi emagetsi emazuva ano anotarisana nematambudziko asati amboitika kubva kune akasiyana anogona kuvandudzwa kugadzirwa uye kuchinja-chinja kwekuda maitiro. DESS inogadzirisa matambudziko aya kuburikidza nekugadziriswa kwesimba munzvimbo, kuchengetedza simba rakawandisa panguva yakaderera-nguva yekudiwa uye kuiburitsa kana grid ichida rutsigiro.
Maitiro eVoltage Regulation Inovandudza Grid Performance
Voltage regulation inomiririra imwe yeakanyanya optimization mabhenefiti ekugoverwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza. Kana photovoltaic masisitimu inopinza simba rakawandisa mumatanho ekugovera, voltage inogona kukwira kupfuura miganhu inogamuchirwa. Pasina chengetedzo, vashandisi vegridi vanofanirwa kudzikamisa chizvarwa chinogoneka kana kudyara mukudhura kwekusimudzira zvivakwa.
Iyo yakagovaniswa simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inopa nekukurumidza voltage kururamisa nekutora kana jekiseni rinoshanda uye rinoita simba. Tsvagiridzo yeIEEE 33-mabhazi ekugovera masisitimu inoratidza kuti yakanyatsoiswa chengetedzo inoderedza kutsauswa kwevolti kusvika kune yakajairwa kutsauka kwe0.0035-0.0059 payuniti, zvichienzaniswa ne0.015-0.025 pu isina kuchengetedza. Kuvandudzwa uku kunochengeta voltage mukati meiyo 0.95-1.05 pu renji inodiwa negridi makodhi.
Iyo voltage regulation mechanism inoshanda kuburikidza ne inverter control. Kana ma sensors achiona overvoltage pane network node, iyo yekuchengetedza system inowedzera yekuchaja simba kana kuderedza kubuda. Kune undervoltage mamiriro, sisitimu inoburitsa simba rakachengetwa kana kuderedza kuchaja. Kugona uku kwebidirectional kunopa kupfakanyika zvakanyanya pane zvechinyakare zvinodzora magetsi sepa-load tap chenger, inoshanda zvishoma nezvishoma uye ine mashoma ekuchovha bhasikoro.
Kuiswa kwakakodzera kunokosha zvakanyanya. Sensitivity ongororo inotaridza kuti ndedzipi nzvimbo dzegidhi dzinopa yakanyanya kutsigirwa nevoltage ine hushoma hwekuchengetedza. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kuisa 2-3 nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dziri munzvimbo dzakanyanya-kunzwa kunozadzisa mitemo yakafanana yemagetsi se5-6 mayunitsi akaiswa zvisina tsarukano. Iyi optimization inoderedza mari yemari uchichengetedza mashandiro.
Frequency Kugadzikana Kuburikidza Nekukurumidza Kupindura
Grid frequency inofanira kuramba iri mukati memabhendi akatetepa-kazhinji 49.8-50.2 Hz muEurope kana 59.7-60.3 Hz kuNorth America. Kutsauka kunoratidza kusaenzana kwekupa-kudiwa uko kunogona kupinda mukudzima kwakapararira. Zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi zvechinyakare zvinogadzirisa zvinobuda zvishoma nezvishoma, asi zvinyorwa zvinogoneka zvinogadzira kukurumidza kushanduka kunoda mhinduro nekukurumidza.
Battery simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu anokunda pa frequency regulation nekuti anogona kushandura kubva kuzara kuzara kuenda kuzere kubuda mumamilliseconds. Pakati pemasekonzi ekutanga akakosha mushure mekurasikirwa kwechizvarwa kana kudiwa kwespike, masisitimu ekuchengetera anopinza simba majenareta akajairwa asati akwira. Iyi yekutanga frequency mhinduro inodzivirira mwero wekuchinja kwefrequency (RoCoF) kubva pakupfuura miganho yakachengeteka.
Data kubva kugrid{{0}makero ekutumirwa anoratidza masisitimu ekuchengetera anopa frequency inochengeterwa 100-500 millisecond nguva dzekupindura, zvichienzaniswa ne10-30 masekonzi ezvidyarwa zvemagetsi zvinodziya. MuTexas, uko simba rekuchengetedza rakapetwa katatu pakati pa2023 na2024, kutsauka kwefrequency panguva yekudiwa kwepamusoro kwakadzikira ne40%.
Iko kukosha kwehupfumi kwakanyanya. Vashandisi vekuchengetedza vanowana mari kuburikidza nehova mbiri: kubhadhara kwesimba kwekumira kwakagadzirira kupa frequency masevhisi, uye kubhadhara kwesimba kwechokwadi kuendesa magetsi. Sezvo frequency regulation misika inokura, masisitimu ekuchengetedza anowedzera kusanganisa iyi sevhisi nemamwe maapplication senge peak shaving kuti awedzere kudzoka.
Virtual inertia inowedzera imwe chiyero. Kusiyana nemajenareta anochengeta simba rekinetic mumarota, inverter-based storage haina inherent inertia. Nekudaro, kudzora algorithms kunogona kutevedzera inertia nekugadzirisa simba rekubuda zvakaenzana kune frequency shanduko. Iyi synthetic inertia inobatsira magridi kuchengetedza kugadzikana sezvo kuvandudzwa kwekupinda kunowedzera uye echinyakare majenareta achirega.
Simba Kurasikirwa Kwemagetsi Pakati Pese Distribution Networks
Kuramba kwemagetsi mumitsara yekufambisa kunoshandura chikamu chesimba rinopfuudzwa mukupisa. Kurasikirwa uku kunowanzo kubva pa2-8% yesimba rose rekuyerera, zvichienderana nekugadziriswa kwegridi uye kugovera mutoro. A distributed energy storage system inoderedza kurasikirwa nekushandira mitoro iri pedyo pane kutumira simba pamusoro pemadaro marefu.
Mechanichani yacho inosanganisira strategic charge-madhizaini ekubvisa. Mayuniti ekuchengetedza anochaja panguva yakaderera-nguva yainodiwa kana magetsi ari mashoma uye kudonha kwemagetsi kuri kudiki. Munguva yekudiwa kwepamusoro, kuburitswa kwenzvimbo kunoderedza kuyerera kwemagetsi kubva kure majenareta, kucheka kurasikirwa kwekupokana mukutakura zvivakwa. Simulations pamagetsi ekugovera anoratidza kuderedzwa kwesimba kurasikirwa kwe11-26% kana kuchengetedza kunoshanda zvakanaka.
Nzvimbo optimization algorithms shandisa senitivity matrices kuona node uko chengetedzo inopa yakanyanya kurasikirwa kuderedzwa. Aya maalgorithms anogadzirisa-zvinangwa zvakawanda zvinoderedza mutengo we system yese, izvo zvinosanganisira kurasikirwa kwemagetsi, mutengo wekutsauswa kwevoltage, uye mutengo wepamusoro-soro. Ongororo yetiweki yekugovera kuSpain yakaratidza kuti matatu-akaisa 500 kWh nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvakaderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi pagore ne180 MWh, zvichichengetedza mari inosvika madhora makumi matatu nemaviri emagetsi.
Hukama huri pakati pevoltage nekurasikirwa ndeye quadratic. Sezvo kurasikirwa kwakaenzana neI²R (ikozvino squared times kuramba), kuderedza kuyerera kwazvino kunocheka kurasikirwa zvakanyanya. Nekuchengetedza mazinga emagetsi epamusoro kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo uye kuchengetedza, simba rakafanana kuendesa kunoda kushoma ikozvino, kuwedzera kuderedza kurasikirwa. Izvi zvinotsanangura kuti sei masisitimu ekuchengetera ane simba reactive simba-anobaya majekiseni kana kumwisa mavhasi{4}} achiwana mhedzisiro iri nani.
Kubatana pamwe neanovandudzwa masosi kunowedzera mabhenefiti. Kugadzirwa kweSolar kunokwira pakati pemasikati kana kushandiswa kungave kwakadzikira, zvichigadzira reverse magetsi anoyerera anowedzera kurasikirwa. Kuchengeta kunotora ichi chakawandisa chizvarwa munharaunda, kubvisa reverse kuyerera uye kurasikirwa kwakabatana. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kushanda kwakarongeka uku kunogona kuderedza kurasikirwa nekuwedzera 5-8% zvichienzaniswa nekuchengetedza chete.
Peak Demand Management uye Kuderedza Mutengo
Peak inodiwa inotyaira mitengo yezvivakwa mukati memagetsi system yese. Zvishandiso zvinofanirwa kuvaka huwandu hwakakwana hwekubata mutoro wepamusoro unotarisirwa, kunyangwe ukaitika kwemaawa mashoma pagore. Izvi zvinotungamira kune zvinodhura zvivakwa kugara zvisina basa nguva zhinji. Muripo wekuda-muripo unoenderana nekutorwa kwemagetsi akawanda-inogona kuita 30-70% yemabhiri emagetsi ekutengesa.
Sitimu yekuchengetera simba yakagovaniswa inodzikamisa mafaera nekuchaja panguva yekudzima-nguva dzepamusoro uye kuburitsa panguva yekukwirisa. Iyi "peak shaving" inoderedza zvese zvinodiwa zvezvivakwa uye mari yekuda. Ongororo ye-yakatumirwa pasi rose inoratidza zvivakwa zvekutengesa zviri kuderedza kudiwa kwepamusoro ne20-40% kuburikidza nemashandiro akakwenenzverwa ekuchengetedza, zvichiturikira kukuchengetedza pagore kwe$50,000-$200,000 zvichienderana nekukura kwenzvimbo.
Iyo optimization inoda kufembera kwakaringana. Masisitimu ekutonga magetsi anoshandisa nhoroondo yekushandisa data, mamiriro ekunze, uye zvirongwa zvekugadzira kufanotaura zvikwiriso zviri kuuya. Machina ekudzidza algorithms anoramba achinatsa aya akafanotaura, achivandudza chokwadi nekufamba kwenguva. Kana sisitimu inofungidzira kuti peak iri kusvika, inotanga kuburitsa simba rakachengetwa kusati kwasimuka, kudzivirira spike.
Kureba kunokosha pakukura kwekuchengetedza. Nguva dzinodiwa zvikuru dzinowanzotora maawa maviri-4, zvinoda masisitimu okuchengetera ane simba rakakwana kuti arambe achibuda pahwindo iri. Iyo 1 MW yekuchengetedza sisitimu ine 2-awa yenguva (2 MWh huwandu) inogona kumisa zvizere 1 MW peak kwemaawa maviri. Masisitimu enguva refu anopa kuchinjika asi anodhura zvakanyanya paMWh yekugona.
Nguva{{0}ye-yekushandisa mitengo inoumba imwe kukosha. Uko makambani anochaja marezi epamusoro munguva dzepamusoro-soro, kuchengetedza arbitrage{3}kutenga magetsi kana zvakachipa, kutengesa kana kuchidhura{4}}kunounza mari yakananga. Mumisika ine mutengo wakanyanya kupararira, iyi arbitrage yega inogona kupa inoyevedza kudzoka pakudyara. Kubatanidza arbitrage nekuderedzwa kwechaji yekuda uye masevhisi ekuwedzera kunogadzira "value stacking" inovandudza hupfumi hwepurojekiti.
Renewable Energy Integration Enhancement
Kugadzirwa kwezuva nemhepo kunosiyana nemamiriro ekunze uye nguva yezuva, zvichigadzira kusawirirana nemaitiro ekushandisa. Pasina chengetedzo, kuchinja uku kunomanikidza kudzokororwazve-kutambisa simba rakachena-kana kuvimba nekukurumidza-kumhanyisa majenareta ezvisaririra. Hapana mhedzisiro yakanaka.
Iyo yakagovaniswa simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inogadzirisa kusawirirana kwechinguvana uku. Kana renewables gadzira rakawandisa simba, chengetedzo inoitora. Kana chizvarwa chikadonha asi kudiwa kunoramba kwakakwira, chengetedzo inoburitswa, inokwenenzvera iyo inogoneka kubuda. Dhata kubva kumapurojekiti ekubatanidza solar nekuchengetedza inoratidza kudzikiswa kwe60-80%, ichiwedzera zvakananga kushandiswazve.
Iyo 2024 deployment data inoratidza maitiro aya. Nepo 40% yegridi itsva-yakachengetwa yakabatana nekugadzirwazve, kubva painoda kusvika 50% muna 2023, shanduko iyi inoratidza kukura kwemusika kwete kudzikiswa kukosha kwekubatanidza. Kuchengetedza-kwega kunowedzera kupa masevhisi akawanda kunze kwerutsigiro rwunogonekazve, asi kubatanidzwazve kunoramba kuri chinhu chakakosha.
Geographic distribution inogadzira kusimba. Panzvimbo penzvimbo imwe chete yakakura yekuchengetera, masisitimu akagoverwa anoparadzira huwandu kune network. Kana imwe unit ikasangana nematambudziko, mamwe anoramba achishanda. Iyi redundancy inonyanya kukosha nezvinodzokororwa zvakare, uko zvinobuda zvinogona kudonha kamwe kamwe munzvimbo dzakafara panguva yemamiriro ekunze.
California inoratidza kukanganisa pachiyero. Iine padyo ne20 GWh yekuchengetera simba yakaiswa muna 2024, iyo nyika inogara ichitarisira nguva apo solar inogadzira anopfuura makumi manomwe muzana ekukurumidza kudiwa. Machaji ekuchengetera mukati memasikati ezuva repamusoro uye anobuda panguva dzemanheru ramps, apo kubuda kwezuva kunodonha asi kushandiswa kunoramba kwakakwira. Kutenderera kwezuva nezuva uku kwakadzikisa gasi rechisikigo chizvarwa neinenge 15% mukati memwedzi yemapendekete.
Kubatanidzwa kwekufanotaura kunoramba kuchikosha. Kufembera kwemamiriro ekunze epamberi kunodyisa mumasisitimu ekudzora ekuchengetedza, zvichibvumira kutarisisa chinzvimbo kune zvinotarisirwa zvinogoneka kuchinja. Kana fungidziro ichiratidza kuderera kwemhepo kana kubuda kwezuva, kuchengetera kunotanga- kuchaja kubva mugedhi kana kuti kunotakura kubuda. Uku kufembera kushanda kunopa yakavimbika sevhisi pane kungoita reactive kudzora.
Grid Resilience uye Backup Kugona
Kusimba kweGridhi{0}kukwanisa kumira nekugadzirisa kubva pakavhiringwa{1}}kunowedzera kunetsa sezvo mamiriro ekunze ari kuwedzera. Iyo yakagovaniswa simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inosimudzira kusimba kuburikidza nemaitiro akawanda: kupa backup simba panguva yekudzima, inogonesa microgrid kushanda, uye kuderedza kutapurirana kutsamira.
Munguva yekudzima kwegidhi, yakagoverwa kuchengetedza inogona chitsuwa zvikamu zvetiweki, kuchengetedza simba kune yakakosha mitoro. Zvipatara, masevhisi ekukurumidzira, uye zvivakwa zvakakosha zvinobatsirwa neiyo backup kugona. Ongororo yekuongorora masisitimu ekugovera munzvimbo dzekudengenyeka kwakaratidza kuti zvakaiswa chengetedzo zvakadzikisira kudzikiswa kwemutoro panguva yekufananidzwa kwekudengenyeka kwenyika ne45-60%.
Microgrid kuumbwa inomiririra yekupedzisira kusimba application. Kana magridhi makuru atadza, chichengetedzo chinosanganiswa nekugadzirwa kwenzvimbo-kazhinji solar kana mhepo-kuzvigadzira wega-mamicrogrid anoshanda munzvimbo dzakatarwa. Aya ma microgrid anoshanda akazvimirira kusvika grid sevhisi yadzoreredza, yobva yawiriranisa zvisina musono. Dambudziko rehunyanzvi rinosanganisira kutonga frequency uye voltage pasina iyo grid inodzikamisa pesvedzero, inoda akaomesesa ekudzora masisitimu.
Kukurumidza kupindura kunokosha panguva dzenjodzi. Kuchengeta kunogona kupa simba mukati memamilliseconds ekuona kubuda, zvichienzaniswa nemaminitsi emagetsi edhiziri. Iyi mhinduro nekukasira inodzivirira nyaya dzemhando yemagetsi izvo zvinokuvadza midziyo inonzwisisika. Nzvimbo dzedhata nenzvimbo dzekugadzira dziri kuramba dzichiisa chengetedzo chaiyo kune iyi yemagetsi-yakavimbika.
Nyaya yehupfumi yekusimba kuchengetedza yakasimbiswa. Nepo majenareta ekuchengetedza achipa kugona kwakafanana, anoda mafuta, kugadzirisa, uye haaburitse mari panguva yekushanda. Kuchengetera kunowana kudzoserwa kuburikidza nemagetsi arbitrage, kudiwa kudzikiswa kwechaji, uye grid masevhisi apo wakamira wakagadzirira emergency. Izvi zvakawanda-kushanda zvinovandudza hupfumi hwepurojekiti zvichienzaniswa nemasisitimu ekuchengetedza akazvipira.
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunotungamirira kutumirwa. Sezvo zvishandiso zvinotarisana nemamiriro ekunze akawandisa, chengetedzo yakagoverwa inopa shanduko iyo yakaomeswa zvivakwa zvega hazvigone kuwana. Panzvimbo pekuvaka simba rekutapurirana rakawandisa iro rinogara risingashandiswe kunze kwezviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki, zvishandiso zvinowedzera kuvimba nekuchengetedza kuchengetedza sevhisi panguva yekuvhiringidzwa uku zvichipa kukosha kwezuva nezuva.
Optimization Kuburikidza Coordinated Control
Ega ega ekuchengetedza mayuniti anopa mabhenefiti emunharaunda, asi yakarongeka kutonga kune akawanda akagoverwa masisitimu anovhura imwe optimization. Yakaunganidzwa chengetedzo inoita senge yemagetsi chirimwa, ichipa grid masevhisi akaenzana nekugadzirwa kwepakati uku uchichengetedza mabhenefiti akagoverwa.
Dambudziko rekubatanidza rinosanganisira kuenzanisa zvinangwa zvakawanda: system-wide voltage regulation, frequency support, loss minimization, uye munhu wega unit state of charge management. Madhirigoridhemu epamusoro anogadzirisa matambudziko aya akawanda-ekugonesa zvinangwa munguva chaiyo-, kugadzirisa mashandiro eyuniti yega yega zvichienderana nemamiriro egridhi azvino uye zvinodiwa nefemberi.
Hurukuro dzehutano dzinogonesa kurongeka uku. Distributed systems exchange data on voltage, frequency, power flows, and store state through akachengeteka network. Kudzora nzvimbo dzinogadzira ruzivo urwu uye kutumira yakagadziridzwa seti kune yega yega unit. Nhaurirano inonoke-kazhinji 100-500 milliseconds-inofanirwa kuverengerwa mukudzora maalgorithms kuti ichengetedze kugadzikana.
Consensus{{0}based control inomiririra nzira imwe inoshanda. Panzvimbo pemirairo yepakati, zvikamu zvakagoverwa zvinochinjana ruzivo nevavakidzani uye zvinosangana pakushanda kwakakwana kuburikidza nekudzokorora kutaurirana. Iyi nzira inodzikisa imwechete mapoinzi ekutadza uye inogadzirisa zvakanaka kune network shanduko sezvikamu zvinowedzerwa kana kubviswa.
Kutora chikamu kwemusika kunowedzera kukosha. Yakaunganidzwa yakagovaniswa chengetedzo inogona kubhidha mumisika yeholese, ichipa frequency regulation, masimba ekuchengetedza, uye simba arbitrage pamwero. Iyo US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission's Order 2222 inoda vashandi vegridi kuti vagone kugovera zviwanikwa kutora chikamu, kuvhura aya emari. Kuunganidzwa kwekutanga kunoshuma mari yakasanganiswa ye$50-$150 pakW-gore kubva kumabasa emisika yakawanda.
Kudzidza kwemichina kunovandudza kurongeka nekufamba kwenguva. Algorithms dzidza mapatani egridi, kukwenenzvera kuchaja{1}}kuburitsa mashedhiti zvichibva pane zvakaitika kare uye mafungidziro emamiriro ekunze. Imwe ongororo yakaitwa yakaratidza ML-yakakwenenzverwa kuchengetedza ichidzikisa mitengo yekushandisa ne12-18% zvichienzaniswa nekutonga-inotungamirwa, uku ichivandudza masevhisi sekusimba kwevoltige uye frequency mhinduro.
Economic Performance uye Deployment Trends
Musika wekuchengetera simba rekuchengetedza simba wakasvika pamadhora 5.89 bhiriyoni pasi rose muna 2024, paine fungidziro inoratidza kukura kusvika pamabhiriyoni gumi nemashanu emadhora panosvika 2034 pamwero we9.8% wekukura kwepagore. Kuwedzera uku kunoratidza kuvandudza hupfumi sezvo mutengo webhatiri uchidzikira uye mikana yekuisa kukosha inowedzera.
Mamiriro ekutumirwa kwematunhu anosiyana zvakanyanya. Asia{{1}Pacific ndiyo ine 36.7% yemugove wemusika, zvichikonzerwa neChina yakawedzera kuvakwa kwekuchengetedza-67% yegridi yepasi rose yekuchengetedza yakawedzerwa muna 2024 yakaitika kuChina. United States neCanada dzakamiririra musika wechipiri pakukura une padyo ne40 GWh yakaiswa, yakakamurwa zvakaenzana pakati peTexas neCalifornia.
Kuchengetera kwekugara kwakaratidza chikamu chekukura nekukurumidza mumisika yakakura. Kuiswa kwekugara muUS kwakawedzera 57% gore{{4}pa-gore muna 2024, kusvika pa1,250 MW yenzvimbo itsva. Kuwedzera uku kunoratidza kufarira kwevatengi kuzvimirira kwemagetsi, simba rekuchengetedza, uye kuderedza mabhiri kuburikidza nesolar-pamwe-masisitimu ekuchengetedza. Chikamu chechina 2024 yakaseta rekodhi yekota ine 380 MW yenzvimbo yekuchengetera yekugara yakaiswa.
Mafambiro enguva ari kuchinjika kuenda kukuchengetedza kwenguva refu. Avhareji yenguva yekuiswa kutsva kweUS yakapfuura maawa matatu muna 2024, kubva pamaawa 2.3 muna 2023. Mapurojekiti eTexas akaita avhareji yemaawa 1.7, akagadziridzwa misika yekudzora ma frequency, nepo mapurojekiti eCalifornia akasvika maawa mana kutsigira nhongonya dzemanheru mushure mekudonha kwechizvarwa chezuva. Mapurojekiti eLatin America anotungamirwa neavhareji yeawa 4.2, achigadzirisa nguva dzepamusoro.
Tekinoroji yakasiyana-siyana iri kubuda. Nepo mabhatiri elithium-ion ari kutonga pa98% yekuiswa, mabhatiri anoyerera akakura ne300% muna 2024 kusvika pa2.3 GWh, achinangana nekugara-kwenguva refu yekushandisa. Mabhatiri esodium-akaona kushandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma ari pasi pe200 MWh, akadzorwa nemutengo welithium-kudzikira, asi vagadziri vakawanda vanoronga kutangwa kwe2025.
Kuderedzwa kwemitengo kunoenderera mberi. Mitengo yeSystem yakadzikira ingangoita 15-20% pakati pa2023 na2024, ichitungamirwa nekuwedzera kwekugadzira uye kukwikwidza kwakanyanya pakati pevanopa mabhatiri eChinese. Iyi mutengo trajectory inovandudza hupfumi hwepurojekiti, ichigonesa kuchengetedza kukwikwidza mumashandisirwo aimbotongwa nezvivakwa zvechinyakare.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Inokurumidza sei masisitimu ekuchengetedza akagoverwa anopindura kune shanduko yegridi?
Iyo yakagovaniswa simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu inopindura mukati me100-500 milliseconds kune frequency kana voltage deviations. Iyi nguva yekupindura ndeye 20-100 nguva nekukurumidza kupfuura majenareta akajairwa, zvichiita kuti chengetedzo ishande zvakanyanya mukudzikamisa grid. Iwo emagetsi emagetsi anodzora kuchengetedza anogona kugadzirisa zvinobuda ipapo ipapo, anogumira chete nekunonoka kutaurirana uye kutonga algorithm kugadzirisa.
Ndeipi saizi yekuchengetedza sisitimu inodiwa kukwirisa grid yekugovera?
Saizi yekuchengeta inoenderana neakananga giridhi maitiro uye optimization zvinangwa. Zvidzidzo pane zvakajairwa kugovera network zvinoratidza kuti yakagovaniswa simba rekuchengetedza simba re 2-5 MW pa50-100 MW yemutoro wepamusoro inopa yakakura voltage regulation uye kurasikirwa kunobatsira kana yaiswa zvine hungwaru. Kune peak shaving application, nzvimbo dzekutengesa dzinowanzoda 1-2 maawa ekuchengetedza huwandu padanho radzo repamusoro. Yakadzama simba system ongororo inotaridza yakaringana saizi kune chaiyo maapplication.
Kuchengetera kwakagoverwa kunogona kutsiva zvachose kukwidziridzwa kwezvivakwa zvekutapurirana?
Kuchengetera kunozadzisa pane kutsiva zvachose kukwidziridzwa kwekutapurirana. Iyo inonyatso kudzoreredza kukwidziridzwa nekugadzirisa mitoro yepamusoro uye nekuvandudza mashandisirwo emidziyo, zvinogona kunonoka kudhura kwekudyara kwezvivakwa ne5-15 makore. Nekudaro, kukura kwakasimba kwemutoro kunozoda kuwedzeredzwa kwezvivakwa zvemuviri. Kuchengeta kunoshanda zvakanyanya kana kusanganiswa nemhinduro yekuda, kubatanidzwazve, uye hurongwa hwekudyara grid.
Chii chinoitika kune yakagovaniswa kuchengetedza panguva huru yekudzima grid?
Munguva yekudzima, chengetedzo yakagovaniswa ine kugona kwechitsuwa inogona kuchengetedza simba kune mitoro yenzvimbo nekugadzira microgrids. Izvi zvinoda midziyo yekudzivirira yakakodzera uye masisitimu ekudzora kuti aparadzane zvakachengeteka kubva kune yakakundikana grid chikamu. Hadzisi dzese nzvimbo dzekuchengetera dzinosanganisira kugona kwezvitsuwa-zvisina kuvharika panguva yekudzima kuchengetedza vashandi vekushandisa. Masisitimu ekuchengetera ane basa rekuchengetedza anowanzo tangazve mukati me500 milliseconds yekuona kubuda.
Kugadziriswa kwekuchengetedza kunobata sei hupenyu hwebhatiri?
Optimization algorithms chiyero chegidhi sevhisi kupihwa nebhatiri hutano manejimendi. Kugara kuchibuda kwakadzika kunowedzera kuderera, saka masisitimu ekudzora anowanzo kuchengetedza mamiriro ekubhadhara ari pakati pe20-80% pakushandisa bhasikoro zuva nezuva. Smart algorithms inogadzirisa kuchaja mapatani kuti uderedze kushushikana kwekupisa uye kudzivirira mashandiro anokuvadza. Kana yakanyatsogadziriswa, kuchengetedza lithium-ion inochengetedza 80% yehuwandu hwepakutanga mushure me3,000-5,000 kutenderera, ichitsigira 10-15 makore e optimized grid service.
Mafungiro ehunyanzvi ekuti Uite Kubudirira
Kuita chengetedzo yakagoverwa yegridi optimization inoda kutarisisa kune akawanda tekinoroji zvinhu kunze kwekungoisa mabhatiri. Hunhu hwesimba, kurongeka kwekudzivirira, dhizaini yekutaurirana, uye kutevedza kwemitemo zvese zvinopesvedzera mashandiro ehurongwa uye kushanda.
Masimba emagetsi emhando yepamusoro anokanganisa zvakanyanya kuita optimization. -mainverter emhando yepamusoro anopa chaiyo voltage uye frequency control, zvichiita kuti gidhi ritsigirwe zviri nani. Zvemagetsi zvakaderera-zvinounza maharmonics uye kukanganisa kwemagetsi zvinogona kudzikisira kwete kunatsiridza mashandiro egridi. IEEE 1547 zviyero zvinotsanangura zvinodikanwa zvekubatanidza, zvinosanganisira yakanyanya harmonic kukanganisa miganhu uye voltage regulation paramita.
Kubatana kwekudzivirira kunochengetedza kuchengetedzwa panguva yekukanganisa kana mamiriro asina kunaka. Masisitimu ekuchengetera anofanirwa kuona nekupindura kukanganisa kwegridi mukati menguva dzinodiwa-kazhinji 160 milliseconds pazvinenge zvisina kumira zvakanaka, 2 cycles for phase faults. Dziviriro relays inobatanidza nemidziyo yekudzivirira yekushandisa yekuparadzanisa matambudziko pasina kukanganisa kutadza. Kubatana uku kunowedzera kuoma sezvo zviwanikwa zvakagoverwa zvinowedzera, zvinoda huinjiniya hwakangwarira.
Mavakirwo ekukurukurirana anosiyana zvichienderana nechiyero uye mashandisirwo. Madiki masisitimu ekugara anogona kushandisa akareruka WiFi kubatana kwekutarisa uye kwekutanga kutonga. Utility-chikero chakagovaniswa chekuchengetedza chinoda kutaurisa kusingachanyanyi kunonoka kunonoka-kazhinji kwakatsaurirwa maserura kana mafiber connections. Kudzivirirwa kweCybersecurity kwakakosha, sezvo masisitimu ekuchengetedza akabatana nekudzora network aripo anogona kurwisa mavector.
Regulatory masisitimu ari kusimukira kuti agone kugonesa kuchengetedza uku uchichengetedza kuchengeteka uye kuvimbika. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzine mitemo yakasiyana-siyana pamusoro pekuti ndiani anogona kuchengetedza, ndeapi masevhisi aanogona kupa, uye kuti anodyidzana sei nemasystem ekushandisa. Kufamba mirau iyi kunoda kunzwisisa zvinodiwa zvekushandisa zvemuno uye makodhi makodhi.
Thermal management inowanzogadzirisa kushanda kunoshanda. Kushanda kwebhatiri kunoenderana nekudziya-lithium-masero eion anoshanda zvakanyanya pakati pe15-35 degrees. Masisitimu ari mumamiriro ekunze akanyanya anoda kutonhora kunoshanda kana kudziyisa, izvo zvinopedza simba uye zvinoderedza mambure anowanikwa kune grid masevhisi. Yakakodzera thermal dhizaini inovimbisa kuchengetedza kuchengetedza yakayerwa kuita mukati memamiriro ekushanda.
Storage Systems Inotsigira Mazuvano Grid Shanduko
Iyo gidhi yemagetsi iri kushanduka kubva kune yepakati, unidirectional system kuenda kune yakagoverwa, bidirectional network. Shanduko iyi inogadzika simba rinogonekazve, mota dzemagetsi, uye maitiro matsva ekushandisa uchichengetedza kuvimbika. Distributed storage inoshanda sekiyi inogonesa tekinoroji yeshanduko iyi.
Chinyakare dhizaini dhizaini yaifungidzira simba raiyerera kubva kumajenareta makuru epakati kuenda kuvatengi vanongogara. Iyi modhi yakashanda apo chizvarwa chaidzoreka uye mitoro yaifungidzirwa. Simba rinovandudzwa rakadzora paradigm iyi-chizvarwa chakashanduka, uye vamwe vatengi vakave ma prosumers, zvese vachishandisa nekupa simba. Manetiweki ekuparadzira akavakirwa kune imwe-nzira imwe chete yekuyerera kwemagetsi kunetsa nekuyerera kwe bidirectional uye nekukurumidza kuchinja.
Kuchengeta kunowedzera kuchinjika kunodiwa netiweki aya. Nekudzoreredza chizvarwa uye kushandiswa munguva, chengetedzo inobvumira simba rinogona kudzokororwa kushanda mutoro kunyangwe kugadzira uye kudiwa kusaenderana. Nekugadzirisa magetsi emunharaunda uye kuyerera kwemagetsi, kuchengetedza kunoderedza kushushikana pamidziyo yekugovera isina kugadzirirwa bidirectional operation. Aya masimba anogonesa kupinza kwepamusoro kunokwanisa kupinda pasina kuwanda kwekuvakazve zvivakwa.
Shanduko yakananga pakuiswa magetsi inokurumidzira zvidikanwi zvekuchengetedza. Kuchaja mota yemagetsi kunogadzira mitsva mitsva yakatarisana munzvimbo dzekugara. Kutora pombi yekupisa kunowedzera kudiwa kwemagetsi echando. Nzvimbo dzedata dzinoda simba rinovimbika, - remhando yepamusoro. Maitiro ega ega anowedzera kunetseka kune masisitimu ekugovera. Kuchengetera kunotsvedza zvinokanganisa izvi nekugadzirisa nguva yekuremerwa uye nekupa backup ipapo panguva yekushushikana kwegridi.
Virtual simba zvidyarwa zvinomiririra kubatanidzwa kwekupedzisira. Zviuru kana mamirioni eakagoverwa ekuchengetedza masisitimu, akarongwa kuburikidza nesoftware, anoshanda seanochinjika chizvarwa zviwanikwa. Aya maaggregations anogona kupindura kune grid zvinodiwa nekukurumidza uye zvakanyanya kupfuura chizvarwa chakajairwa. Kuratidzira kwekutanga kunoratidza zvirimwa zvemagetsi zvinopa frequency regulation yakaenzana nezvirimwa zvefossil pamutengo wakaderera uye ne zero emissions.
Mamiriro ekutonga ari kuchinjika kuti agonese maapplication aya. Giridhi makodhi ikozvino anosanganisira zvinodiwa zvekuchengetera kubatanidza, mitemo yemusika inobvumira zviwanikwa zvakagoverwa kuti zvipe masevhisi ekuwedzera, uye zvinokurudzira zvinotsigira kutumirwa kwehurongwa. Iyi shanduko yepolicy inocherekedza basa rekuchengetedza mukushanda kwemazuva ano kwegridi.
Grid kodhi dziri kuvandudzwa kuratidza kugona kuchengetedza. Traditional interconnection standards anofungidzirwa kuti chizvarwa masosi haakwanise kugadzirisa kubuda nekukasira. Kuchengetedza kunogona kuchinja kubva pakupinza kwepamusoro kuenda kune yakawandisa kunze kwenyika mumamilliseconds, ichida kuchengetedzwa kutsva uye kutonga zviyero. IEEE, IEC, uye mamwe mazinga emasangano ari kugadzira zvakagadziridzwa zvinodiwa izvo zvese zvinokwidziridza kugona kuchengetedza uye kuona kuchengeteka.
Kana Kuchengeta Kunopa Maximum Grid Optimization Value
Hadzisi dzese nzvimbo dzegridi kana maapplication anobatsirikana zvakaenzana kubva kuchengetedzo yakagoverwa. Kunzwisisa kuti kupi uye riini chengetedzo inopa yakanyanya optimization kukosha kunobatsira kuisa pamberi pekuisa kune zvakanyanya kukanganisa.
MaGridhi ane yakakwirira inogoneka kupinda kupinda anowana zvakanyanya kubva mukuchengetedza. Kana zuva kana mhepo ichipa pamusoro pe30% yesimba, kusiyanisa kunova kwakaoma kubata neyakajairwa chizvarwa chete. Kuchengeta mumagridi aya kunopa kuchinjika kwakakosha. California neTexas, zvese zvinopfuura makumi mana muzana zvinogoneka kupinda dzimwe nguva, zvinotungamira US chengetedzo kutumirwa nekuda kweichi chikonzero.
Manetiweki ane voltage regulation matambudziko anoona mabhenefiti nekukurumidza. Distribution feeder ine yakakwira solar kupinza kazhinji inosangana nekutyorwa kwevoltage panguva yezuva. Kuchengeta munzvimbo dzakakosha kunogona kuchengetedza kutevedza kwemagetsi pamutengo wakaderera pane dzimwe nzira dzakaita sekusimudzira mutsara kana kutsiva kweshanduko. Marural network ane mafeeders akareba uye chizvarwa chakaparadzirwa zvakanyanya kunyanya kubatsirwa.
Masisitimu akatarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvekutapurirana anowana chengetedzo yakakosha pakuyamurika mukusangana. Kana simba rekutapurirana richidzikamisa kunze kunze kana sevhisi yekurodha, chengetedzo yemunharaunda inogona kubatsira kubva kuchizvarwa chiri pedyo kana kuchengetedza simba risingafambiswe. Chishandiso ichi chinononotsa kukwidziridzwa kwekutapurirana kunodhura, kunyange hazvo kuchinyanya kudhura-kunoshanda kana zvasanganiswa nezvimwe zvinofambiswa.
Misika ine machaji ekudiwa kwepamusoro anogadzira makesi ehupfumi akasimba ekuchengetera kutengeserana. Kana machaji ekudiwa anodarika $10-15 pakW pamwedzi, nguva dzekubhadhara dzekuchengetedza dzinowanzowira pasi pemakore mashanu kubva pakuderedzwa kwechaji yekuda chete. Kusanganisira simba arbitrage uye kuvimbika kukosha kunovandudza kudzoka. Izvi zvinotsanangura kukurumidza kukura kwekuchengetedza kwekutengesa munzvimbo dzakaita seMassachusetts, California, neNew York.
Zvitsuwa uye magidhi ari kure anobatsirwa zvakanyanya kubva mukuchengetedza nekuda kwekushomeka kwekubatana uye chizvarwa chinodhura. Hawaii, Puerto Rico, uye ma microgrid ari kure anovimba nechizvarwa chedhiziri pasina mainland grid yekubatanidza. Kuchengetera kwakapetwa nezvinogonesazve kunoderedza mutengo wemafuta, kunonatsiridza kuvimbika, uye kunoderedza kuburitswa. Multiple zvitsuwa masisitimu ikozvino anobatanidza akakosha ekuchengetedza.
Matunhu ane mamiriro ekunze akanyanya anoruramisa kusimba-yakatarisana nekuchengetedza. Nzvimbo dzinogara dzichisangana nemadutu, madutu echando, kana moto wemusango zvinowedzera kuendesa chengetedzo yesimba rekuchengetedza. Nepo rubatsiro rwekusimba rwega runogona kusaruramisa mutengo, kubatanidza backup yekukurumidzira nemazuva ese ekugadzirisa masevhisi kunogadzira hupfumi hunomanikidza.
Implementation Roadmap yeGrid Operators
Vashandisi veGrid vachifunga nezve kugoverwa kwekuchengetera vanotarisana nesarudzo nezvehukuru, nzvimbo, muridzi uye kutonga. Iyo yakarongeka yekushandisa nzira inowedzera optimization mabhenefiti paunenge uchigadzirisa mitengo uye njodzi.
Ongororo inotanga nekuongorora zvazvino matambudziko egidhi uye fungidziro yeramangwana. Mafungiro ekukura kwemutoro, zvirongwa zvekubatanidza zvinogoneka, zvivakwa zvekuchembera, uye metrics yekuvimbika inozivisa uko kuchengetedza kunogona kupa kukosha. Ongororo iyi inotara matambudziko angangogadzirisa-semuenzaniso, kutyorwa kwemagetsi pazvidziidzo zvakati, kuwandisa kwetransformer panguva dzepamusoro, kana kuti frequency regulation zvinodiwa.
Zvakakwana zvekuisa zvidzidzo zvinoshandisa simba system modelling kuongorora nzvimbo dzekuchengetera. Algorithms inomhanyisa mazana ezviitiko, kuyedza masaizi ekuchengetedza akasiyana nenzvimbo kuti uwane zvigadziriso zvinowedzera mabhenefiti. Zvidzidzo izvi zvinowanzo ratidza 3-nzvimbo 5 dzepamusoro-soro uko kuchengetera kunopa kunatsurudza kusingaenzaniswi kana zvichienzaniswa nekuiswa zvisina tsarukano.
Sarudzo dzekutenga zvinhu zvinosanganisira kusarudza pakati pemuridzi wezvishandiso,-muridzi webato rechitatu nemakondirakiti ezvishandiso, uye kukurudzira vatengi{1}}sited masisitimu. Imwe neimwe modhi ine tradeoffs. Utility varidzi inopa kutonga kwakananga asi kunoda mari yekudyara uye mvumo yekutonga. Wechitatu-muridzi webato unowedzera mari yakazvimiririra asi inowedzera kuoma kwekondirakiti. Mutengi-nzvimbo yekuchengetedza haidi mari yekushandisa asi inopa kudzora kushoma kwekushandisa.
Kubatanidzwa nehurongwa huripo hunoda huinjiniya hwakangwarira. Kuchengeta kunofanirwa kurongeka nemidziyo iripo yekudzora magetsi, zvirongwa zvekudzivirira, uye masisitimu ekudzora. Izvi zvinowanzoreva kukwidziridza zvivakwa zvekutaurirana uye control centre software kubata zvinhu zvitsva. Cybersecurity kufunga kunoda masegmented network uye akachengeteka ekutaurirana maprotocol.
Mapurojekiti ekutyaira anoderedza njodzi isati yaitwa-kuzara. Kutanga ne 2-5 yekumisikidza yekuchengetera inobvumira vashandisi kuyedza tekinoroji, kunatsa maitiro ekushanda, uye kusimbisa modhi vasati vazvipira kuzvirongwa zvakakura. Vatyairi vendege vakabudirira vanopa zvese zvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi uye data rinotsigira bhizinesi makesi ekuwedzera.
Performance monitoring inoteedzera kana chengetedzo ichipa mabhenefiti anotarisirwa. Makiyi metrics anosanganisira kuvandudzwa kwemagetsi, kuderedza kurasikirwa, frequency regulation kurongeka, uye kuwanikwa. Kuenzanisa kuita chaiko kune fungidziro kunozivisa mikana yekuvandudza uye inozivisa sarudzo dzekuendesa mune ramangwana.
Nhamba inowedzera yezvishandiso yakabudirira kuita aya mamepu emigwagwa. Zvidzidzo kubva kuvatambi vekutanga zvinoratidza kukosha kwekutanga nezvinangwa zvakajeka, zvinosanganisira vanobatana nekukurumidza, uye kugadzirira kugadzirisa maitiro sezvo tekinoroji nemisika zvinoshanduka.