Economics yekugaraEV kuchajazvinoenderana nezvakasiyana-siyana zvinodyidzana nenzira dzisingawanzo tsanangurwa nevagadziri. Zvimiro zvechiyero chemagetsi, kuchaja hardware yakarasika, kuoma kwekuisa, uye mota-yakatarwa kubvuma mitengo yemitengo inosanganiswa kuti ibudise mitengo chaiyo inosiyana-dzimwe nguva zvakanyanya-kubva kune nyore "wedzera kWh yako nechiyero chako" masvomhu anotonga vatengi{4}vakatarisana nemabhuku. Gwaro iri rinogadzirisa iwo mapundu nedata rakatorwa kubva mukushandiswa kwemafaira, zviyero zveDOE, uye zviyero zvemumunda kubva pakuiswa kwekugara munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemamiriro ekunze.
Bhiri rako reMagetsi riri kukunyepera (Rudzi rwe)
Ndakaita mwedzi miviri ndichitsvaga mari yangu chaiyo yekuchaja ndisati ndaona kuti nhamba yebhadhiro rangu rekushandisa yakange isisina zvazvinoreva kuti ndinzwisise kuti mota yangu yaindibhadharira chii.
Heino dambudziko. Vazhinji vatengi vekugara muUS vanobhadhara tiered mitengo. 500 kWh yako yekutanga inogona kuita $0.08. 500 inotevera inodhura $0.12. Zvese zviri pamusoro pe1,000 kWh zvinoita $0.18 kana kudarika. Saka kana mumwe munhu akabvunza kuti "imari yako yemagetsi?" mhinduro yakatendeseka ndeye "zvinoenderana nekuti mukadzi wangu akamhanya AC nezuro."
Kuwedzera EV kumhuri yatova muchikamu chechipiri kana chechitatu zvinoreva kuti kWh yega yega yaunoisa mumota iyoyo inouya kwauri.marginalrero{{0}yepamusoro-soro yauri kubhadhara. Mumwe waanoshanda naye muSan Diego akawana "kuchipa" kuchaja imba yake kwaitoita $0.42/kWh nekuti SDG&E yepamusoro soro ine hutsinye uye pombi yake yedhamu yakanga yatomusundidzira ipapo.
Nguva{{0}ye-yekushandisa (TOU) zvirongwa zvinoshandura calculus iyi zvachose. Pasi peTOU, iwe unobhadhara mitengo yakasiyana zvichienderana nenguva yaunoshandisa magetsi. Mitengo yepamusoro (kazhinji 4-9 PM) inogona kudarika $0.35-0.55/kWh muCalifornia. Off-peak (kazhinji 11 PM kusvika 6 AM) inodonha kusvika $0.08-0.15. Mukana we arbitrage uri pachena: kubhadharisa husiku, bhadhara chikamu chetatu chezvinoda kubhadharisa masikati.
Asi-uye hapana anotaura izvi-kuchinja kuTOU kune kukanganisa kwakomhuri yese. Iyo mitoro yekuwacha na5 PM? Ikozvino yava kudhura zvakapetwa katatu. Dishwasher mushure mekudya kwemanheru? Same. Ndakaona mhuri dzichichinja kuenda kuTOU kune EV yavo vopedzisira vabhadharazvimwezvakazara nekuti havana kugadzirisa mamwe maitiro avo.
Iko kufamba kunoshanda chaiko: tora mita yakaparadzana yeEV yekuchaja kana yako yekushandisa ichipa. PG&E's EV-B reti, semuenzaniso, inopa mita yakatsaurirwa pachiyero cheflat $0.22/kWh zvisinei nenguva. Hapana mitambo, hapana masheji ekuwacha, hapana zvinoshamisa. Kuiswa kunomhanya $200-400 kuburikidza nekushandisa. Kodzera.
Iyo 15% Hapana Anotaura Nezvayo
Chiratidziro chemota yako chinoti wawedzera 50 kWh. Meta yako yemagetsi yakanyorwa 58 kWh. Imwe 8 kWh yakaenda kupi?
Kuchaja kurasikirwa. Ndezvechokwadi, hazvidzivisiki, uye zvakakura kupfuura zvinotarisirwa nevanhu vazhinji.
Iyo fizikisi: Simba re AC kubva kumadziro ako rinofanira kushandurwa kuita DC kuchaja bhatiri. Kutendeuka ikoko kunounza kupisa. Bhatiri pacharo rinoburitsa kupisa panguva yekubvuma kuchaja. Iyo mota yekudziya yekudziya manejimendi system inomhanyisa mafeni nemapombi kubata iwo kupisa. Zvose izvi zvinopedza magetsi asingasviki bhatiri rako.
Ongororo yeIdaho National Laboratory yakawana kuti Level 2 kuchaja kushanda zvakanaka kunotangira pa85-94%, zvichienderana zvakanyanya nekupisa kwemukati. Kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze ndiko kunouraya-pa20℃F, kurasikirwa kunogona kudarika 20% nekuti mota inofanirwa kupisa bhatiri kuti igamuchire kuchaja nemazvo. Ndakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma panguva yeMinnesota Kukadzi apo yangu "chaji yakazara" husiku chaingova 85% nekuti mota yakapedza awa ichidziya paki isati yabvuma ikozvino.
Mota dzeTesla dzinogara dzakananga kumagumo ekushanda zvakanaka (90-94%) nekuda kwehutongi hwepamusoro hwekupisa. Vakuru veNissan Leafs vane passive kutonhora vanogara pamucheto wakadzika. Mazhinji emazuva ano maEV anoungana akatenderedza 88-90% mumamiriro ekudziya.
Izvi zvinorevei kuchikwama chako: kana magetsi achidhura madhora 0.12/kWh uye kugona kwemotokari yako kuri 88%, yakoinoshandamwero i$0.136/kWh. Pabhatiri re75 kWh, iyo imwezve $1.20 yekuchaja yese. Kwegore rekugara tichichaja, tiri kutaura $150-200 mukurasikirwa kusingaoneki. Kwete njodzi, asi kwete hapana.
Nhamba Chaiyo Kubva Vatyairi Chaivo
Ndakaongorora 47 varidzi veEV mukirabhu yevaridzi venzvimbo yangu. Hezvino zvavari kubhadhara chaizvo:
Kuchajisa kumba (kudzima{{0}peak TOU):$0.03-0.05 pamaira. Iyo yakaderera yekupedzisira iModel 3 muridzi muNevada ine yakanakisa NV Energy rate. Kupera kwepamusoro kwakajairwa kuCalifornia zvinoshandiswa.
Kuchaja pamba (flat rate):$0.04-0.08 pamaira. Midwest nyika dzine magetsi akachipa anotonga pasi pekupedzisira. Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva neayo legacy grid zvivakwa zvinosundira kumagumo.
Kuchaja pabasa:$0.00-0.04 pamaira. Hongu, kuchaja kwemahara kubasa kuripo. Izvo zviri kuita kushoma sezvo makambani anoona mutengo wemagetsi, asi tech makampasi uye vamwe vashandirwi vanofunga mberi vachiri kupa.
Public DC kuchaja nekukurumidza:$0.12-0.25 pamaira. Apa ndipo pazvinodhura. Electrify America inobhadharisa madhora 0.43/kWh mumisika yakawanda. Rwendo rwemumugwagwa runogona kudhura zvakanyanya pamamaira pane hybrid.
Wekunze akandishamisa: mumwe muridzi anobhadharisa chete pazviteshi zveChargePoint zvemahara pachitoro chake chegirosari. Anombotora nzendo dzake dzekutenga kuti dzienderane nekuchaja, anowana zvimwe mamaira 15-20 yerwendo parwendo, uye anoti haana kubhadhara magetsi mumotokari yake kwemwedzi misere. Ndiko kuzvipira kune frugality ini handikwanise kuenderana.
Mutengo Wekuisa: Iko Masvomhu Inoita Yakashata
Iyo charger pachayo yakachipa. Yakasimba 40-amp Level 2 unit inoshandisa $400-600. The installation? Ndipo panooma zvinhu.
Ndakataura nana vemagetsi ndisati ndawana aisada kundibhadharisa $1,800 yekuisa "standard". Mubairo wakahwina wakasvika pamadhora mazana matanhatu nemakumi mashanu, kubva kumurume akange aita 200+ EV kuchaja uye aiziva zvaaiita chaizvo. Mabhidhi akarasika aibva kune vagadziri vemagetsi avo vainyatso padding nekuda kwekusava nechokwadi.
Zvinhu zvinonyatsoona mutengo:
- Panel capacity.Ichi ndicho chikuru. A 100-amp panel yave kutomhanya nechepakati AC, electric dryer, uye mamwe mashoma 240V mitoro inogona kunge isina nzvimbo ye40-amp EV circuit. Panel upgrades kusvika 200 amps inoshandisa $2,000-4,500 zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa kwako uye mitengo yevashandi vemunharaunda. Ndakanzwa nyaya dzinotyisa dze$6,000+ mudzimba dzechikuru umo mapindiro esevhisi anoda kutsiviwa.
- Distance kubva pane panel kuenda ku charger.Rutsoka rwese rwewaya runowedzera mutengo. Yangu 25-foot run inodhura inosvika $150 muzvinhu. A 100-tsoka kumhanya kune yakavharirwa garaji? Katatu izvo, pamwe nebasa rekuchera kana kumhanya conduit.
- Zvido zvemvumo.Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoda mvumo uye kuongororwa kwemaseketi matsva e240V. Vamwe havadaro. Mvumo yacho pachayo inowanzoita madhora makumi mashanu-150, asi kuronga kwekuongorora kunogona kuwedzera mavhiki kune yako nguva.
- Zvivakwa zviripo.Une 240V yekubuda pedyo nenzvimbo yako yekupaka kare-pamwe yewelder kana tabhu yekare inopisa? Iwe unogona kungo plug mune inotakurika EVSE uye kusvetuka iyo hardwired kuisa zvachose. Ndinoziva mumwe munhu ari kumhanyisa Tesla Mobile Connector pane yakadzokororwa dryer outlet. Inoshanda zvakanaka.
Imwe nzira isinganzwisisike iyo yakachengetedza muvakidzani wangu $800: akazvimisikidza pachaja (kungokwira bhokisi nekubatanidza waya nhatu) uye akaita kuti mugadziri wemagetsi aite basa repaneru uye kumhanya tambo. Vemagetsi vanobhadharisa mari ye "full install" kunyangwe kurembera EVSE kunotora maminetsi gumi.
Payback Period: Kuverengera Munhu wese Anokanganisa
Ndakaona vatsigiri veEV vachiti imba yekushaja "inobhadhara pachayo mumwedzi mitanhatu." Ndakaona vatsoropodzi vachiti "hazvina maturo." Vese vari kuita masvomhu zvisirizvo.
Kuenzanisa kwakarurama hakusi "kuchaja kumba vs. peturu." Iko "kuchaja kumba vs. chero zvaungave uchiita neimwe nzira." Kana uchinge uchichaja machaja epabasa mahara zvakadaro, charger yepamba imari chaiyo. Kana ukashandisa madhora 0.43/kWh Electrify America zviteshi, charger yepamba inobhadhara ipapo ipapo.
Kuverenga kwangu, sezvo vanhu vanogara vachibvunza:
Mutengo wechaja: $500 (Grizzl-E, hardwired)
Kuiswa: $650 (akawana quote yakanaka)
Yese mari: $1,150
Kutyaira kwegore: ~ 12,000 mamaira. Kushanda kwemotokari: 3.5 mamaira / kWh. Ndiyo 3,430 kWh/gore.
Mari yekuchaja pamba: $0.11/kWh × 3,430=$377/gore
Kuchaja kwevoruzhinji: $0.35/kWh × 3,430=$1,200/gore
Kuchengetwa kwegore negore: $823. Payback: 1.4 makore.
Iye zvino enzanisa nepeturu. Motokari yangu yekare yakawana 32 mpg. Pa $3.50/gallon, 12,000 mamaira inodhura $1,312. EV pamitengo yepamba inodhura $377. Ndiyo $935/gore pakuchengetedza mafuta{{10}asi magadzirirwo e" payback" anobva atoshamisa nekuti unenge uchienzanisa nekutenga mota dzese, kwete kungochaja mhinduro.
Mhinduro yechokwadi: kana iwe ukatyaira mamaira akakwana uye uine mwero wemagetsi anonzwisisika, kubhadharisa kumba kunopa pfungwa huru yemari kana ichienzaniswa neimwe nzira. Kana ukatyaira mamaira 5,000 pagore uye uchikwanisa kubhadharisa mahara kumwe kunhu, kuseta imba inogona kusazobhadhara.
Kusiyanisa Kwemwaka uye Zvimwe Zvinotsamwisa
Hapana akandiyambira kuti mabhiri angu emagetsi echando aizosvetuka 40% kunyangwe ndaityaira mamaira mamwe chete.
Zvinhu zvitatu zvinosangana mukutonhora kwekunze. Chekutanga, kushanda zvakanaka kwebhatiri kunodzikira-lithium-kemisitiri yeion hainyatso kushanda zviri pasi pe40 degrees F. Kushanda kwangu muchirimo kwe4.0 mi/kWh kunoita 2.8 mi/kWh muna Ndira. Chechipiri, kupisa kwekabhini muEV mutoro wemagetsi, kwete kutambisa kupisa kubva kune injini. Kumhanyisa hita pakuputika kwakazara kunogona kuderedza huwandu ne25-35%. Chechitatu, kurasikirwa kwekuchaja kunowedzera nekuti mota inofanirwa kudziyisa bhatiri isati yabvuma kubhadharisa.
Nhamba dziri mukuita: mutengo wangu wemagetsi waNyamavhuvhu wemotokari waive wemadhora makumi maviri nemasere. Ndira yaiva 52 $. Kufamba kwakafanana, maitiro ekutyaira akafanana, mota imwe chete. Ingori physics iri kushanda neni.
Zhizha rine chirango chayo mumamiriro ekunze anopisa. AC mutoro hauna hutsinye pane kudziyisa, asi haina mahara. Uye kana iwe uchipaka muzuva rakananga, bhatiri rinopisa rekutonga rinomhanya kunyangwe mota igere, ichidonhedza zvishoma nezvishoma (uye ichikubhadhara mari yauchafanira kutsiva).
Preconditioning inobatsira. MaEV mazhinji anokutendera kuti udziye kana kutonhodza mota ichiri plugged mukati, saka simba rinobva kune grid pane bhatiri. Izvi zvinochengetedza huwandu hwekutyaira. Ndapinda mutsika yekukonzeresa izvi kubva kuapp maminitsi gumi nemashanu ndisati ndaenda mangwanani anotonhora.
Zvandaizoudza Shamwari
Mumwe arikubasa akangotenga Hyundai Ioniq 6 ndokundikumbira zano rekuchaja. Izvi ndizvo zvandataura:
Usamhanye kuisa charger yepamba. Rarama ne120V trickle charger kwemwedzi. Ona kuti mafambiro ako chaiwo ekutyaira anoshanda sei. Unogona kuona kuti kuchaja Level 1 yehusiku hunokwana zvaunoda-vanhu vazhinji vanotyaira mamaira 30-40 zuva nezuva vanoita zvakanaka nazvo, uye watochengeta $1,{8}}
Kana uchida Level 2, wana makotesheni matatu mashoma. Kusiyana kwemitengo yekontrakta yemagetsi hakuna musoro. Bvunzawo zvaungashandisa nezve kuderedzwa kupi-vazhinji vanopa $500-1,000 yekuisa EVSE inosiiwa nevanhu patafura nekuti havazive kubvunza.
Tarisa pane zvaungasarudza pachiyero chemagetsipamberiunotanga kuchaja nguva nenguva. Musiyano uripo pakati pemwero wekugara wakajairwa neEV-yakagadziridzwa TOU mwero unogona kuita $50/mwedzi. Asi unotofanira kukumbira kuchinjwa kwemutengo-zvishandiso hazvingokuchinje wega.
Svetuka iyo WiFi-chaja yakabatidzwa kunze kwekunge uchinyatsoda kuchaja yakarongwa yemitengo yeTOU. Iwo "smart" maficha anowanzo gimmicks. I $400 mbeveve charger kubva kuGrizzl-E kana Lectron inokubatsira iwe pamwe ne$800 yakabatana unit yezviitiko zvakawanda zvekushandisa.
Uye pakupedzisira: usanetseka nezve optimization yega yega peni yekupedzisira. Ehe, kuchaja na11 PM pachinzvimbo che8 PM inochengetedza mari paTOU mitengo. Asi kana ukakanganwa nguva nenguva uye uchichaja pakakwirira, hausi kuzobhuroka. Hupfumi hwese hwekuchaja kweEV hwakanakira zvichienzaniswa nepeturu zvekuti kukwana hakudiwe. Chaja pazvinenge zvakakodzera. Bhadhara zvishoma dzimwe nguva. Zvakanaka.
Chinokosha, sezvo ndichiziva kuti ndizvo zvauri kupuruzira:vazhinji varidzi veEV vane imba yekuchaja vanobhadhara $ 0.03-0.06 pamamaira mumagetsi. Icho chikamu chetatu kusvika kuchina chezvinodhura peturu. Kuiswa uye michina inomhanya madhora mazana masere-2,500 zvichienderana nemamiriro ako emagetsi. Kubhadhara kunotora makore 1-3 kune vakajairwa vatyairi. Mushure meizvozvo, iwe uri kungochengetedza mari imwe neimwe mamaira.
Masvomhu anoshanda. Hazvina kana pedyo, kutaura chokwadi. Kunetsa kuri muruzivo-urongwa hupi hwereti, charger ipi, iinstaller-asi hupfumi hwakakosha hunofarira kubhadharisa EV pamba nepakakura kune wese anotyaira zvinodarika mamaira 8,000 pagore.
Zvakachipa here sezvinotaurwa nevamwe vatsigiri? Kwete, kana iwe uchinge wazvidavirira pakurasikirwa kwekugona uye echokwadi chiyero zvimiro. Zvinodhura here kupfuura zvinofungwa nevasina chokwadi nazvo? Uyewo kwete. Chokwadi chinofinha chine mwero: chakachipa zvakanyanya pane peturu, zvine musoro zvakachipa pane kubhadharisa veruzhinji, uye kudyara kwepamberi kune musoro. Haisi mhedziso inonakidza, asi ndeyechokwadi.