C&I simba rekuchengetedza rinotora magetsi kubva munzvimbo dzinobatikazve kana grid panguva yakaderera-inoda uye inoaburitsa kana mabhizinesi achida magetsi zvakanyanya. Sisitimu iyi inovimba nelithium-mabhatiri eion akabatanidzwa nemagetsi ekushandura masisitimu ayo anosandura reti yemazuva ano kuita inochinja-chinja, inofambiswa nesoftware ine hungwaru inogadzirisa mabhatiri ekuchaja zvichienderana-nemitengo yenguva chaiyo uye mapatani ekudiwa kwenzvimbo.
Iyo Core Operating Mechanism
Pahwaro hwayo, c&i chengetedzo yesimba inoshanda kuburikidza nechaji inoramba iripo-kutenderera kutenderera inodzorwa nehardware yakabatana nesoftware. Kana mitengo yemagetsi yadzikira panguva-nguva dzepamusoro-kazhinji pakati pa10 PM na6 AM-sitimu yacho inotora magetsi kubva pagridi kana kutora kugadzirwa kwakawandisa kubva panzvimbo{7}}ma solar panels. Masero ebhatiri anochengeta simba iri electrochemically, iine lithium-ion tekinoroji iri kutonga pamusika nekuda kwe8,{11}} hupenyu hwayo uye 95% kudzika kwekugona kubuda.
Iwo mashiripiti anoitika panguva yekudiwa kwepamusoro. Sezvo nzvimbo inotakura kuwedzera uye magetsi emagetsi anokwira, iyo Power Conversion System inodzoreredza kuyerera kwesimba. Inoshandura magetsi eDC akachengetwa kuti adzokere kumagetsi eAC pane chaiyo voltage uye frequency inodiwa nemidziyo yekutengesa. Iyi nzira yekuburitsa inowanzo shanda kana magetsi egidhi akadarika mutengo wakafanotemerwa kana kudiwa kwenzvimbo kunosvika nhanho dzinogona kukonzeresa kubhadharisa kudhura.
Masisitimu emazuva ano anotamba iyi pasina kupindira kwevanhu. Energy Management Systems inoramba ichiongorora matatu edhata: chaiyo-nguva yekuremerwa kwenzvimbo, mitengo yemagetsi iripo, uye kubhadharisa bhatiri. Michina yekudzidza algorithms inofanotaura maitiro ekushandisa zvichienderana nenhoroondo yedata, mamiriro ekunze, uye masisitimu ekushanda. Chigadzirwa chekugadzira chine mashifiti maviri ekugadzira, semuenzaniso, inoona sisitimu yayo ichichaja panguva dzehusiku uye ichibuda zvine hungwaru panguva ye2 PM kusvika 7 PM peak hwindo kana mutero wekuda uchinge wawanda.
Bhatiri Storage Architecture
Mwoyo wenyama wechero c&i simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu ine bhatiri racks inogara mazana emaseru ega. Nzvimbo zhinji dzekutengesa dzinoshandisa lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) chemistry kwete standard lithium-maion akasiyana. Sarudzo iyi inoratidza zvinokosheswa pakuchengetedza-Masero eLiFePO4 anoratidza kugadzikana kwepamusoro uye anobvisa njodzi dzinotizira kune dzimwe nzira dzelithium.
Kabati ye250 kWh ine 16 bhatiri module, imwe neimwe module imba 148 Ah maseru akarongwa kuendesa 38.4V nominal voltage. Aya ma module haashande akazvimirira. Iyo Battery Management System inotarisisa magetsi ese esero, dhizaini yazvino, uye tembiricha kuburikidza nezviuru zvekuverenga sensor pasekondi. Kana magetsi emasero asiyana-zvisingadzivisike sezera remabhatiri-BMS inobatidza maseketi anoenzana nechaji muchikamu chose.
Kutonga kwematembiricha kunoparadzanisa masisitimu anoshanda kubva pakukundikana. Mabhatiri anoshanda zvakanyanya pakati pe15℃ne35 degree. Kunze kwehuwandu uhwu, huwandu hunodonha uye kuderedzwa kunowedzera. Mhepo-masisitimu akatonhodzwa anoshanda pakuisa pasi pe500 kWh, achitenderedza mhepo ine conditioned kuburikidza nemabhatiri makabati uchishandisa akasiyana-mafenhi ekumhanya anodavira kune zvinonzwa kupisa. Zvivako zvakakura zvinoshandisa kutonhora kwemvura, kupomba misanganiswa yeglycol kuburikidza nemahwendefa anotonhora akabatanidzwa zvakananga kumamodule ebhatiri. Kuiswa 2 MWh warehouse kuCalifornia kwakaratidza kushandiswa kwesimba rekutonhodza kunongosvika 3% yehuwandu hwekuchengetedza-kutengeserana kunokosha kwekuwedzera hupenyu hwebhatiri kubva pamakore 10 kusvika ku15.
Moto kudzvinyirirwa kunomiririra yekupedzisira yakakosha chengetedzo layer. Makabati emazuva ano c&i ekuchengetedza simba anobatanidza masisitimu ekudzvanya moto aerosol anoshanda mukati memasekonzi matatu ekuona utsi kana tembiricha anomalies. Masisitimu aya anoita mari inosvika madhora gumi nemashanu pakabati asi anobvisa kudiwa kwekuvaka kunodhura-kunatsiridza masprinkler anogona kuwedzera $200,{6}} kumari yeprojekti.
Simba Rekushandura Systems Inotsanangurwa
Iyo Power Conversion System inoshanda semurevereri pakati peDC bhatiri chengetedzo uye AC nzvimbo mitoro. Mukati mePCS kabati yega yega garai inverter modules ine insulated gedhi bipolar transistors (IGBTs) inochinja DC ikozvino zviuru zvenguva pasekondi, ichigadzira yakagadzirwa AC waveform. Masisitimu epamusoro-anokwanisa kushandura 97% mumativi ese, zvichireva kuti 3% chete yesimba inopera sekupisa panguva yekushandura.
Bi-directional kugona inotsanangura zvemazuvano PCS zvivakwa. Iyo imwechete hardware inoshandura grid AC kuita bhatiri DC panguva yekuchaja inodzosera mashandiro ayo ekuburitsa madhiri. Iyi dhizaini inoderedza mutengo wemidziyo uye tsoka yemuviri zvichienzaniswa neyakaparadzana rectifier uye inverter mayunitsi. 500 kW PCS inotora zvingangoita 2 square metres yenzvimbo yepasi uye inorema 800 kg-yakakwana inokwana kuiswa mumakamuri mazhinji emagetsi.
Grid synchronization inoda kudzora chaiko. Usati wabatana nemitoro yezvivakwa, PCS inofanirwa kuenzanisa grid voltage amplitude mukati me1%, frequency mukati me0.1 Hz, uye chikamu chekona mukati me5 madhigirii. Masisitimu emazuva ano anoita izvi kuwiriranisa mukati me100 milliseconds, achigonesa seamless backup simba shanduko panguva yekutadza kwegridi. Kana simba rekushandisa radzikira, PCS inoona kudonha kwevoltige, yobva yadzima kubva pagridi kuburikidza nekuchinja otomatiki, uye{7}}inoisazve simba rekutakura zvinhu zvakakosha michina isati yagadzirisa kukanganisa.
Harmonic kukanganisa kunokosha kune simba remhando. Ma inverters akagadzirwa zvisina kunaka anobaya maharmonic currents muwiring yenzvimbo, zvichiita kuti mamotor awedzere kupisa uye anonzwa emagetsi kusashanda zvakanaka. Hunhu PCS mayunitsi anochengetedza yakazara harmonic kukanganisa pazasi 3%, inofananidzira kana kudarika grid simba remhando. Vanoita izvi kuburikidza nekuchinjisa maalgorithms epamusoro uye-level inverter topologies izvo zvinogadzira kuenzanisa kuri nyore kweAC.
Energy Management System Intelligence
Iyo EMS inoshanda sehuchenjeri hwekushanda, ichishandura zvinangwa zvebhizinesi kuita nguva-ne-sarudzo dzekudzora nguva. Pamasecond 5-second intervals, sisitimu inoongorora kuti ichachaja here, kuburitsa, kana kusaita basa rebhatiri zvichibva pane zvinonyanya kukosha. Demand charge management inowanzoita yepamusoro-kunzvenga imwe chete yemaminetsi gumi nemashanu yepamusoro inogona kuchengetedza madhora zviuru zvitatu kusvika zviuru zvisere pamwedzi pamabhiri ezvivakwa.
Kufanotaura maalgorithms anosiyanisa epamberi c&i simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu kubva kune ekutanga kuita. Panzvimbo pekupindura kune maspikes anodiwa mushure mekunge aitika, mamodheru ekufungidzira anoatarisira maawa pamberi. Nzvimbo yedata muTexas inoshandisa fungidziro yemamiriro ekunze kufanotaura kutonhora kwekutakura, kusati-kuburitsa mabhatiri kana data yemamiriro ekunze ichiratidza kuti tembiricha yemasikati ichapfuura 95 degrees F. Iyi proactive approach yakabata imwe 8% yechaji mari inochengetwa zvichienzaniswa nereactive control strategy.
Nguva{{0}ye-yekushandisa optimization inowedzera imwe saving layer. EMS inochengeta zvirongwa zvemitengo yemagetsi kwemaawa makumi maviri nemana anotevera-48, yobva yaverenga yakakwana-mahwindo ekubvisa. Kana mitengo ichikwira ne 400% pakati pe-nenguva dzepamusoro uye dzepamusoro-panguva yekusanyanya kukwira (inowanikwa mumisika yeCalifornia), kunyangwe arbitrage yakapusa inoburitsa mibairo yakawanda. Imwe nzvimbo yekugadzira yakashuma $47,000 pagore yekuchengetedza kubva pamutengo arbitrage chete, yakaparadzana nekuderedzwa kwemutero wekuda.
Kubatanidzwa neinovandudzwa chizvarwa kunoda kuwirirana pakati pezvizhinji zvemasimba masimba. Kana kugadzirwa kwezuva kuchipfuura mitoro yezvivakwa, iyo EMS inotungamira yakawedzera chizvarwa kukuchengetedza bhatiri pane kuendesa kunze kune grid nemitengo isingafadzi. Sezvo simba rezuva richidzikira munguva dzemasikati-chaizvowo kana magetsi egrid ave kudhura zvakanyanya-sitimu inochinja kusvika pakubuda kwebhatiri. Uku kukwirisa kwekushandisa kwako kwakawedzera solar ROI ne34% pachivako chimwe chekutengesa, kupfupisa mubhadharo kubva pa8.5 kusvika pamakore mashanu.
Peak Shaving Mechanics
Demand charges inoranga zvivakwa zvepamusoro-maminetsi gumi nemashanu ekushandisa simba panguva yega yega yekubhadhara. Muchina mumwe chete wekutanga spike unosundidzira kudiwa kubva pa800 kW kusvika pa1,100 kW kwemaminetsi gumi nemashanu chete unogona kuwedzera $12,000 kubhiri remwedzi iwoyo pamadhora makumi mana/kW. C&I chengetedzo yesimba inobvisa aya anodhura epamusoro kuburikidza nekuburitsa zvine hungwaru.
Chirongwa ichi chinotanga nekugadza chinangwa chinodiwa-kazhinji 85% yeavhareji yezvinodiwa zvenhoroondo. Kana kushandiswa kwenzvimbo kunosvika pachikumbaridzo ichi, EMS inoraira kubuda kwebhatiri kuti ipe simba rinowedzera rinodiwa pamusoro pechinangwa. Welding operation inodhirowa 950 kW inogona kuona bhatiri richipa 150 kW, ichimisa grid kupinza 800 kW. Nzvimbo yacho haina ruzivo rwekushanda; zvese zvinoshandiswa zvinogashira simba rinodiwa, rinongotorwa kubva musanganiswa wegridi nebhatiri.
Chaiyo-mashandisirwo epasi rose anoratidza kukanganisa kukuru kwemari. Nzvimbo huru yekugadzira muMidwest yakaisa 5 MW / 10 MWh sisitimu yakatarisana nemitengo yekudiwa pamwedzi inodarika zviuru makumi mashanu zvemadhora. Zvakatumirwa{{6}kuongororwa kwezvekuiswa kwakaratidza kudzikiswa kwe 35% yezvinoda kubhadhariswa, zvichiturikira kuenda ku$500,{9}} mari yakachengetwa pagore. Nemitengo yakazara yeprojekiti yemadhora 2.8 miriyoni uye zviripo zvinokurudzira zvinofukidza $600,000, nzvimbo iyi yakawana 4.4-gore yekubhadhara nguva.
Iyo zano inoda kufembera kwakaringana. MaSystem ekutarisa emagetsi emagetsi anodhirowa sekondi yega yega, achienzanisa mafambiro azvino achipesana nenhoroondo mapatani. Kana chiyero chekuwedzera kwemutoro chikaratidza kutyora kwekuda kwechikumbaridzo, bhatiri rinotanga kubuda. Iyi nzira yekufungidzira inoratidza kushanda zvakanyanya pane kungoita reactive kudzora, kuderedza kudiwa kwepamusoro nekuwedzera 8-12% maererano nezvidzidzo zvemumunda.
Renewable Energy Integration
Pairing c&i simba rekuchengetedza ne solar photovoltaic masisitimu inogadzira synergy inoshanda inosimudzira kukosha kwezvinhu zvese zviri zviviri. Kugadzirwa kwezuva kunokwira zvakanyanya masikati kana zvivakwa zvakawanda zvichiwana mitoro iri pakati nepakati, zvichizokonzera kudzikira kana kuderera-kukosha kwegridhi kunze kwenyika. Kuchengetedzwa kwebhatiri kunotora iyi yakasara kugadzirwa kuti ishandiswe panguva dzemanheru apo kubuda kwezuva kunodonha kusvika zero asi kushanda kwenzvimbo kunoenderera.
Upfumi hunova hunomanikidza kune zvivakwa zvinotakura zvakanyanya kunonoka-zuva. Nzvimbo yekuchengetera inotonhora inoshanda 24/7 inogona kugadzira 2,000 kWh yezuva rakawandisa pakati pe10 AM na2 PM zuva nezuva. Pasina chengetedzo, simba iri rinoendesa kunze kune gridi pamadhora 0.03/kWh mazinga akazara. Nekuichengeta kuti ishandiswe na6 PM kusvika 9 PM nguva dzekutengesa dzichisvika $0.32/kWh, nzvimbo iyi inotora imwe $0.29/kWh kukosha-$580 zuva nezuva kana $212,000 pagore pa2 MWh kutenderera kwezuva nezuva.
Kuchengeta zvakare kunogadzirisa solar intermittency matambudziko. Cloud cover inogona kuderedza kubuda kwezuva ne80% mumasekonzi, zvichimanikidza kukurumidza kupinza gidhi izvo zvinosimbisa magetsi. Mabhatiri masisitimu anodzivirira kuchinja uku, kuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi akasimba zvisinei nemamiriro ekunze. Kutsvedzerera uku kunoderedza kushanduka kwemagetsi uye kunowedzera hupenyu hwezvishandiso-zvakanakira kashoma kuverengerwa asi zvakakosha.
Saizi optimization inoda kunyatso ongorora ese ari maviri ezuva ekugadzira profiles uye nzvimbo yekuremedza macurves. Chengetedzo yakaderera inotadza kubata zvese zvakakosha solar surplus. Oversized systems inotakura mari isingakoshi. Yakadzama modhi inotaridza hunyanzvi hwekuchengetedza pakati pe1.5 kusvika 3.0 maawa e solar array nameplate kugona kune akawanda ekutengesa maapplication.
Yechokwadi-Nguva Yekushanda Muenzaniso
Funga nezvekugovera imba yekuchengetera inoshanda kubva 6 AM kusvika 10 PM ine 800 kW avhareji mutoro uye 1,200 kW peak kudiwa. Nzvimbo iyi ine 500 kW pamusoro pedenga re solar array uye 1 MW / 2 MWh c&i simba rekuchengetedza system. Heino mafambiro ezuva rakajairika:
6:00 AM: Solar inotanga kugadzira sezvo nzvimbo inotanga kushanda. Bhatiri rinoramba riri pa90% yenyika kubva pakuchajwa kwehusiku pa$0.06/kWh kubviswa-mitengo yepamusoro. Mitoro yemangwanani inokwevera zvakanyanya kubva kune solar uye grid simba.
9:00 AM: Kubuda kweSolar kunosvika 450 kW nepo nzvimbo inotakura inogara pa650 kW. Iyo 200 kW kushomeka kunobva kune grid. Kubuda kwebhatiri kunoramba kwakavharwa sezvo mitengo yemagetsi iripo ($0.11/kWh) isati yadarika chikumbaridzo chekuburitsa.
12:30 PM: Peak solar production inosvika 485 kW, inodarika 420 kW nzvimbo inotakura. Iyo EMS inotungamira makumi matanhatu neshanu kW yakasara kune bhatiri kuchengetedza kwete gidhi kunze kwenyika. Bhatiri SOC inokwira kubva pa88% kusvika 92% mumaawa maviri anotevera.
3:15 PM: Nzvimbo inotakura inokwira kusvika ku950 kW sezvo mabasa ekutumira anowedzera. Kubuda kwezuva kwadzikira kusvika pa290 kW. Magetsi egidhi apinda pa-mutengo wepamusoro we$0.28/kWh. Bhatiri rinotanga kubuda pa400 kW, richidzikamisa grid kupinza kusvika 260 kW uye capping nzvimbo inoda zviri pazasi peaks dzenhoroondo.
6:00 PM: Kubuda kwezuva kunodonha kusvika ku50 kW zuva ranyura. Nzvimbo inotakura inoramba yakakwira pa880 kW. Kubuda kwebhatiri kunowedzera kusvika pa600 kW kuchengetedza 280 kW inoda chivharo. Grid import inowedzera simba rasara rinodiwa.
8:30 PM: Battery SOC inosvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana, zvichikonzera kudzikiswa kwekudzikisira kuchengetedza matura ezvingangoita grid kubuda. Nzvimbo iyi inogamuchira gidhi repamusoro zvishoma kune mamwe maawa ekushanda asara.
10:00 PM: Kushanda kunomira uye nzvimbo inorema inodonha kusvika ku180 kW yekuvhenekesa uye HVAC. Magetsi adzikira-mazinga epamusoro pa$0.05/kWh. Bhatiri rinotanga kuchaja pa400 kW, richikwevera kubva kune yakachipa grid simba kudzoreredza huwandu hwakazara mangwanani.
Kutenderera uku kwemaawa 24-kuderedza kudiwa kwepamusoro kubva pa1,200 kW kusvika pa280 kW-kuderedza ne77% izvo zvakabvisa $36,800 mumitengo yavanoda pamwedzi. Energy arbitrage yakatora imwe mari yakasara ye$8,200 pamwedzi nekuchengetedza simba rakachipa-peak rekushandisa panguva dzinodhura dzepamusoro-soro.
Chikamu Kudyidzana Kuyerera
Kunzwisisa matauriro anoita c&i simba rekuchengetedza simba kunoburitsa hungwaru hwekuita kwehurongwa. Iyo dhizaini inoteedzera hierarchical control chimiro ine ruzivo rwunoyerera bidirectionally pakati pematanho.
Panheyo, ma sensors ebhatiri anofambisa voltage, current, uye tembiricha data kune module-level BMS controller mamillisecond 200 ega ega. Aya mamodule controllers anounganidza data kubva kune anowanzo 14-16 maseru, achiita emunharaunda kuenzanisa mashandiro uye cheki yekuchengetedza. Kana chero masero emagetsi akadarika akachengeteka ma paramita, iyo module BMS inogona kudzima modhi iyoyo pasina masystem operators kunyange kuziva kuti pane nyaya yakaitika.
Module BMS units inoshuma kune rack-level Battery Management System, iyo inoona 8-16 modules paraki. Iyo rack BMS inoverengera iyo yakazara mamiriro ekuchaja, mamiriro ehutano, uye iripo simba zvichienderana neiyo isina kusimba module mamiriro. Iyo inosarudza yakachengeteka kubhadharisa uye kuburitsa miganhu, iyo inogona kusiyanisa mukati mese kutenderera sezvo maseru anokura zvakasiyana.
Iyo Power Conversion System inogamuchira iyi miganhu kubva kune rack BMS uye inoishandura kuita miganhu inogoneka. Kana iyo BMS ichishuma yakachengeteka kubuda yakachengeteka ye800 amps, iyo PCS inova nechokwadi chekuti inverter inobuda haipfuure ichi chikumbaridzo zvisinei nekudiwa kwenzvimbo. Kudzivirirwa uku kunodzivirira kukuvadzwa kwebhatiri uko kunoderedza hupenyu hurefu hwehurongwa.
Pamusoro panogara Energy Management System, iyo inotaurirana nePCS neBMS. Iyo EMS inoongorora kudiwa kwesimba renzvimbo, mitengo yemagetsi, uye chizvarwa chezuva (kana chiripo), yobva yaverenga yakakwana bhatiri kutumira. Inopa mirairo yemagetsi kuPCS muzvikamu zvishanu-second intervals: "Chaja pa300 kW" kana "Discharge at 450 kW." Iyo PCS inoita mirairo iyi ichiremekedza BMS-yakapihwa miganho yekuchengetedza.
Zvekunze masisitimu zvakare anodyisa data kuEMS. Weather forecasting APIs inopa tembiricha uye solar irradiance kufanotaura. Nguva yezvishandiso{{2}ye-yekushandisa zvirongwa zvipinze zvoga. Magadzirirwo ezvivakwa zvezvivakwa anoshuma shanduko yekushanda iri kuuya-kuitwa kwakarongwa kwekugadzira kana kuvharwa kwevhiki. Iyi data yakasiyana-siyana inogonesa optimization optimization isingagoneki neakasarudzika ekudzora masisitimu.
Maintenance uye Hurefu Hwehupenyu Zvinhu
Kuparara kwebhatiri kunomiririra iyo yekutanga mashandiro ekuita kwe c&i simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu. Lithium-maseru eion anorasika simba kuburikidza nechaji yakadzokororwa{2}}kubuda, nekudzikisirwa kwemazinga zvichikanganiswa zvakanyanya nemamiriro ekushanda. Masisitimu akanyatsogadziriswa anochengetedza 80% yezvekutanga mushure me4,000-6,000 yakazara-yakadzika macycles, inoshandura kusvika ku10-15 makore ekushanda kweupenyu.
Kudzora tembiricha inonyanya kukanganisa hupenyu hwebhatiri. Imwe neimwe 10 madhigirii tembiricha inokwira pamusoro peyakakwana renji inopeta kaviri mazinga ekuderera. Bhatiri rinogara riri pa 45℃rinogona kusvika kumagumo-ye-yeupenyu mumakore matanhatu chete, ukuwo hardware yakafanana inochengetwa pa 25℃inodarika makore gumi nemana. Uku kunzwisiswa kwetembiricha kunotsanangura kuti nei masisitimu ekutonhora kwemvura, kunyangwe mutengo wakakwira wekutanga, uchiratidza hupfumi kumasimisheni makuru.
Kudzama kwemabhasikoro kunokanganisa kuchengetwa kwenzvimbo nenzira-dzisiri dzakatsetseka. Kudzama kwakazara{{2}kwe{3}}kunobvisa bhasikoro (100% kusvika 0%) kunosimbisa maseru zvakanyanya kupfuura kuchovha bhasikoro. Bhatiri rakatenderedzwa pakati pe90% ne10% SOC rinowana zvingangoita zviuru zvishanu kutenderera risati rasvika makumi masere muzana. Bhatiri rimwe chetero rakatenderedzwa pakati pe80% ne20% SOC rinogona kuwana 12,000 macycles-kuwedzera 140% muhupenyu hunobatsira. Hungwaru EMS masisitimu saka anofarira chikamu chebhasikoro kana zvinodiwa zvekushanda zvichibvumira.
Kuchembera kwekarenda kunoitika kunyangwe pasina kuchovha bhasikoro. Mabhatiri anodzikira zvishoma nezvishoma agere asina chaanoita nekuda kwekuita kwemakemikari mukati. Kudzikisira uku kunowedzera pakuchajiswa kwepamusoro-kuchengeta mabhatiri ari pa100% SOC kunoaderedza nekukurumidza pane kuchengetedza 50% SOC. Nekudaro, zvikumbiro zvekutengesa zvinoda simba rekuchengetedza simba zvinofanirwa kuenzanisa hupenyu hurefu maererano nekugadzirira zvinodiwa.
Inverter kugadzirisa kunoratidza kushoma. Mafeni ekutonhodza anoda kutsiviwa 3-makore mashanu oga-oga pa$800-1,500 pachikamu chimwe chete. Macapacitor ane magumo ehupenyu e10-12 makore uye anodhura $3,000-5,000 kutsiva pane yakajairika PCS. Zvikasadaro, solid-state magetsi emagetsi anoratidza kuvimbika kunoshamisa, paine nguva pakati pekutadza inopfuura makore makumi maviri emhando dzemhando.
Iyo EMS neBMS inoda kunyanya kugadzirisa software. Firmware inogadziridza inosvika kota yega yega, ichibatanidza yakagadziridzwa algorithms uye bug kugadzirisa. Remote yekubatanidza inogonesa izvi zvigadziriso pasina kushanya kwesaiti, kuderedza kugadzirisa pamusoro. Chikwata che manejimendi enzvimbo chakashuma kupedza asingasviki maawa masere pagore pane routine c&i simba rekuchengetedza system kugadzirisa mushure megore rekutanga rekushanda.
Economic Performance Metrics
Kudzoka kwemari kubva kuC&i simba rekuchengetedza kunobva kubva kune akawanda kukosha hova anoungana pamusoro pehupenyu hwese system. Kudzikiswa kwechaji kunowanzopa iyo yakakura bhenefiti, kunyanya mumatunhu umo kudiwa kuchaja kunosanganisira 30-70% yemutengo wemagetsi. Nzvimbo inobhadhara $35/kW machaji ekudiwa pamwedzi inogona kuwana $420/kW mari yegore negore pakilowatt yekuderedza kwepamusoro kwaitwa.
Energy arbitrage inowedzera kukosha nekushandisa nguva-ye-kusiyana kwechiyero chekushandisa. Misika ine $0.20+ inopararira pakati pepamusoro nepakati-magetsi epamusoro anoita kuti idzoke zvine musoro. Sitimu 1 MWh inoshandisa chaji imwe yakazara-inoburitsa zuva nezuva inotora mari inosvika $73,000 pagore pa$0.20/kWh spread (inoverengera 97% kutenderera{12}}kufamba zvakanaka). Izvi zvinotora mazuva 250 ekushanda, zvichibvumira kugadzirisa uye nguva yakaderera{15}kupararira.
Kukosha kwesimba rekuchengetedza kunoratidza kuoma kuverengera asi zvine hunyoro kunoderedza njodzi yekukanganisa bhizinesi. Bazi reU.S. Department of Energy rinofungidzira kuti kudzima kuri pakati pemadhora gumi nemashanu kusvika pamadhora zana nemakumi mashanu paawa imwe neimwe isina kuvharwa, zvichisiyana zvikuru nerudzi rwenzvimbo. Mabasa akakosha senzvimbo dzedata kana kugadzira nebasa rinodhura-mu{8}}mukufambira mberi kwezvinhu zvinowira kumagumo emhando iyi.
Mari yese yeprojekiti yadzikira zvakanyanya sezvo musika waikura. Kuisa-kiyi c&i simba rekuchengetedza simba parizvino iri kuita $600-900 pakWh pamasisitimu ari pamusoro pe500 kWh. Izvi zvinosanganisira mabhatiri, inverters, EMS, kuisa, uye kutumira. Masisitimu madiki ari pasi pe200 kWh anogona kudarika $1,200/kWh nekuda kweinjiniya yakagadziriswa uye mutengo wemvumo wakapararira munzvimbo shoma.
Kurudziro iripo inovandudza zvakanyanya hupfumi munzvimbo dzakawanda. California's Self-Generation Incentive Programme inopa $200/kWh yelithium-ion masisitimu, inobhadhara 22-33% yemitengo yese yepurojekiti. Federal investment tax kiredhiti pa 30% inoshanda kana kuchengetedza mapeya ane solar generation. Massachusetts inopa kudiwa kubhadharisa kuderedzwa kwekukurudzira kubhadhara. Kukurudzira kwakasanganiswa kunogona kuderedza mutengo wepurojekiti ne40-60% mumisika yakanaka.
Nguva yekubhadhara yakajairika inotangira pamakore matatu kusvika ku7 zvichienderana nemitengo yemagetsi enzvimbo, kutenderera kwebasa, uye zvinokurudzira zviripo. Zvivako zvine zvese zviri zviviri machaji ekudiwa kukuru uye peak/off hombe-peak rate kupararira zvinowana kukurumidza kudzoka. Chimwe chipatara muMassachusetts chakashuma 3.2-year payback pa750 kWh system mushure mekurudziro, kunyanya kuburikidza nekubvisa mutero wekuda iyo yakachengetedza $83,000 pagore.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
C&I simba rekuchengetedza rinotora nguva yakareba sei kuisa?
Nguva dzekuisa dzinosiyana kubva ku4 kusvika kumavhiki e12 zvichienderana nehukuru hwehurongwa uye kuoma kwesaiti. Sitimu ye250 kWh mukamuri iripo yemagetsi inoda 3-mavhiki mana kubva pakutumirwa kusvika pakutumirwa. Huru-megawati masisitimu ane ekunze akaiswa padhi-akavharirwa angada mavhiki masere-12 kuti apedze basa refaundesheni, kuisa michina, mvumo yekubatanidza mapedhi, uye kuyedza system. Kubvumira kunowedzera 2-6 mavhiki kusati kwatanga kuiswa kwemuviri.
Zvivakwa zviripo zvingadzoreredza masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba here?
Zvizhinji zvekutengesa zvivakwa zvinogona kugadzirisa retrofits kana iine yakakwana yemagetsi kamuri nzvimbo uye iripo yemagetsi sevhisi simba. Iyo sisitimu inoda ingangoita 15-25 mativi tsoka pa100 kWh yekuchengetedza, kusanganisira kubvumidzwa. Magetsi ekubatanidza mapoinzi kune nzvimbo huru yekugovera pani kana yekushandisa mita inofanirwa kutsigira iyo yakanyanya kuchaja / yekuburitsa simba rehurongwa. Ongororo yesaiti yehunyanzvi inowanzo ratidza chero zvipingaidzo uye zvinodikanwa zvinogadziriswa mukati meawa 2-3.
Chii chinoitika pakudzima kwemagetsi?
Munguva yekutadza kwegridi, sisitimu inoona kurasikirwa kwemagetsi mukati megumi nematanhatu milliseconds uye inoita otomatiki kutamisa kutevedzana. PCS inodimbura kubva pagridi kuburikidza nemaakinari ega ega, yozopa simba zvakare-inopa simba rekushandisa simba rebhatiri mukati me100 milliseconds-nekukurumidza zvekuti michina mizhinji haivhiringike. Iyo system inoramba ichipa magetsi kusvika mabhatiri ekuchengetedza apera. Kuchengetedza nguva kunoenderana nekuremerwa kwenzvimbo uye huwandu hwebhatiri; 500 kWh system inotsigira 100 kW yemitoro yakaoma inopa 4-5 maawa ekumhanya.
Iyo system inobata sei kuderedzwa kwezuva?
Kana chizvarwa chezuva chichipfuura zvese zvinoremerwa uye bhatiri yekuchaja huwandu, iyo EMS inoshandisa nzira yekudzikisira yakavakirwa pahupfumi optimization. Kana zvibvumirano zvekubatanidza zvibvumirano zvichirambidza kutengeswa kwegridi, iyo system inoderedza solar inverter kubuda kuti ienderane nekushandiswa kuripo. Kana gidhi kunze kwenyika ichibvumidzwa asi isina hupfumi, mabhatiri anochaja pamwero wepamusoro asi chizvarwa chakawandisa chinotengeswa kunze kwemitengo iripo. Mamwe masisitimu anogona kufambisa zvinhu zvinonzwisisika senge pre-kutonhora kana kudziisa mvura kuti ishandise simba rezuva rakawanda zvine pundutso.
System Sizing Kufunga
Yakakodzera c&i simba rekuchengetedza sisitimu saizi inoda kuongorora matatu akasiyana paramita: simba remagetsi (kW), simba remagetsi (kWh), uye nguva (maawa). Simba simba rinotarisa kuti yakawanda sei kudiwa kuderedza iyo system inopa. Simba remagetsi rinoratidza kuti kuendesa magetsi kunotora nguva yakareba sei. Duration inomiririra reshiyo yesimba kune simba.
Zvikumbiro zvekudzikisa kubhadharisa zvinoisa pamberi pesimba remagetsi. Kana peak nzvimbo inodiwa inosvika 1,500 kW asi chinangwa chekugadzirisa chiri 1,000 kW, sisitimu inoda 500 kW mashoma emagetsi kubuda. Simba remagetsi zvino zvinoenderana nekuti mapeaks anogara kwenguva yakareba sei. Kana nhongonya dzichiwanzogara maawa maviri-3 pazuva, 500 kW / 1,250 kWh system (2.5-awa yenguva) inopa matura akakwana.
Nguva{{0}ye-yekushandisa arbitrage applications inosimbisa kuwanda kwesimba. Nzvimbo inogona kuwana 6-awa pa-mahwindo epamusoro anoda 300 kW avhareji yekubuda. Izvi zvinoratidza 300 kW / 1,800 kWh saizi (6-awa yakareba). Nekudaro, iyo sisitimu inoshanda chete 5-6 mazuva pasvondo, ichibvumira kuzara kuzere panguva yekusakwira-peak. Iri basa kutenderera kunodzivirira kuchembera kwekarenda kwakabatana nekugara kwakakwirira kwemutero.
Hybrid applications inosanganisa akawanda kukosha hova inoda kunyatsoongororwa zvinodiwa panguva imwe chete. Nzvimbo yekugadzira inogona kuda 400 kW yekuveura ndebvu panguva yekuchinja kwekugadzira uku ichida 200 kW yesimba rekuchengetedza emergency kwemaawa mana. Iyo sisitimu inofanirwa kupa 400 kW yakanyanya kubuda simba neinokwana 800 kWh simba rekuita (200 kW × 4 maawa) yakachengeterwa kuita backup basa. Izvi zvinoita kuti pave ne400 kW / 1,600 kWh saizi, zvichitora 800 kWh iripo yekuchovha bhasikoro zuva nezuva.
Kusarudzwa kwebhatiri chemistry kunokanganisa sarudzo. Lithium iron phosphate chemistries inoshivirira 95% kudzika kwekubuda, zvichireva kuti 1,000 kWh system inopa 950 kWh simba rinoshandiswa. Lithium nickel manganese cobalt chemistries inogona kudzika kusvika 85% DoD yehupenyu hurefu, ichidzikisa hunogona kushandiswa kusvika 850 kWh kubva pasaizi yezita rimwe chete. Iyo yekutanga inoda kushoma nameplate kugona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.
Ramangwana System Kugona
Emerging matekinoroji ari kuwedzera izvo c&i simba rekuchengetedza masisitimu anogona kuita kupfuura zvanhasi zvakajairwa maapplication. Virtual power plant yekubatanidza inogonesa kuchengetedza nzvimbo kutora chikamu mumisika yegridi masevhisi, kuunza mari nekupa frequency regulation, tsigiro yemagetsi, uye matura ekukurumidzira kune vashandisi vekushandisa.
Aya mapurogiramu eVPP anounganidza mazana eakagoverwa ekuchengetedza masisitimu mune inodzoreka simba iyo zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kutumira panguva yegridi yekushushikana nguva. Nzvimbo inonyoresa 500 kWh system yayo inogona kugashira madhora zviuru zvitatu-mazana masere pagore mukubhadhara kwekugona, pamwe nekubhadhara kwekuwedzera kwekuita kana yatumirwa. Nzvimbo iyi inochengeta masimba epamusoro, ichiona kuti mashandiro akakosha anotora pekutanga pane zvipikirwa zvesevhisi yegridi.
Motokari-ku-kubatanidzwa kwegridi inomiririra humwe hunyanzvi hunovandudza. Sezvo ngarava dzekutengesa dzichiwedzera magetsi, mota dzadzo dzakamiswa dzinova nhare dzekuchengetedza simba. Bi-masisitimu ekuchajisa anobvumira mabhatiri ezvikepe kuti abudise zvinhu panguva yekukwirisa, ozochajazve husiku. Kambani yekutakura ine makumi maviri emagetsi mavhani yaigona kuwana 1,600 kWh yekuwedzera kuchengetedza (80 kWh pamotokari) isina yakatsaurirwa mabhatiri akamira.
Artificial intelligence irikunatsiridza masisitimu kupfuura mutemo wazvino-unobva mumaitiro. Neural network yakadzidziswa pamakore enzvimbo yekushanda data inofanotaura mitoro nemitengo yemagetsi nekururama kukuru kupfuura nzira dzakajairwa dzekufungidzira. Imwe mutyairi wekushandisa yakavandudza kudiwa kwechaji kuchengetedza ne11% zvichienzaniswa neyekare EMS algorithm, ichitora yakawedzera kukosha kubva kune iripo hardware kuburikidza nehukuru hwekutonga mazano.
Modular yekuwedzera masimba rega masisitimu akwire sezvo zvinodiwa zvebhizinesi zvichikura. Panzvimbo pekuwedzeredza kuisirwa kwekutanga, zvivakwa zvinogona kuendesa Conservative kugona zvobva zvawedzera bhatiri makabati uye inverter modules sezvo mashandiro anowedzera. Iyi nzira inoderedza kumberi kwemari zvinodiwa uku uchichengetedza scalability. Vagadziri vakati wandei vava kupa masisitimu akagadzirirwa kuti munda uwedzere kubva pa500 kWh kusvika pa3+ MWh kuburikidza nemawedzero akamisikidzwa.
Iko kusanganiswa kwe c&i simba rekuchengetedza nemamwe masisitimu ezvivakwa zvinogadzira mimwe mikana yekuwedzera. Kubatanidzwa neHVAC zvinodzora kunogonesa kusati -kutonhora zvivakwa zvichishandisa zvakachipa kudzima{2}}magetsi epamusoro, kuchengetedza "kutonhora" sesimba rinopisa. Izvi zvinoderedza kutonhora kwemasikati mitoro chaiyo kana grid yemagetsi yakwira. Mazano akasanganiswa anokwirisa ese electrochemical uye yekupisa kuchengetedza inogona kucheka simba renzvimbo inodhura 15-25% kupfuura chero tekinoroji chete.
Zviitiko izvi zvinonongedza kuwedzera kusimba kwesimba manejimendi uko c&i simba rekuchengetedza rinoshanda sechinhu chepakati chekuronga zvinhu. Pane kuti masisitimu angogara achichaja uye kuburitsa zvichibva pane zvakafanotemerwa, zvigadziriso zvenguva yemberi zvichanyatso ronga mafambiro ese emagetsi enzvimbo-anogonesa kugadzirwa, magidhi ekunze, chengetedzo yemunharaunda, uye mitoro inodzoreka-kudzikisa mitengo uku uchichengetedza zvakakosha uye uchitsigira grid kugadzikana.