Lithiumsimbi anodhi ine yakanyanyisa dzidziso yakananga kugona (3860 mA·bg) uye yakaderera electrochemical kugona (-3.040 V (vs. SHE)), zvichiita kuti vaonekwe se "holy grail" electrode pakati pezvinhu zvakawanda zve electrode. Lithium simbi mabhatiri anosanganisira lithium-sarufa nelithium-mabhatiri eokisijeni. Lithium{{9}mabhatiri esarufa ane simba rinosvika 2600 W·h/kg, ukuwo mabhatiri eoxygen e lithium{13}}oxygen ane simba rinosvika 3500 W·h/kg, kanokwana ka7 uye ka10 kupfuura ebhatiri relithium{15}}akajairika, zvichiteerana. Naizvozvo, lithium simbi mabhatiri anoonekwa seimwe yeanonyanya kuvimbisa ekuchengetedza simba masisitimu uye mumiriri wepamusoro wechizvarwa chinotevera mabhatiri masisitimu, achikwezva kutarisisa. Nekudaro, nekuda kwedambudziko relithium dendrite, mabhatiri ekutanga elithium simbi anogona kungoiswa mune mamwe minda yakasarudzika, uye kushambadzira kwavo kwakanonoka.
Rechargeable lithium simbi mabhatiri akagadzirwa kare kuma1970 uye aishandiswa zvakanyanya mumawachi, macalculator, uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi.
Lithium simbi mabhatiri anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo yemagetsi uye inotakurika michina yekurapa. Nekudaro, kushambadzira kwavo kwakakanganiswa nekumwe kukanganisa mu lithium simbi. Senhengo yeBoka 1 yetafura yeperiodic, maatomu elithium ane erekitironi imwe chete mugoko rawo rekunze, zvichiita kuti aite makemikari zvakanyanya sezvaanorasika nyore erekitironi. Kana yasangana ne organic electrolyte, lithium simbi inoumba firimu rinonzi solid electrolyte interface (SEI) pamusoro payo. Basa guru remufirimu uyu nderokuparadzanisa lithium metal kubva ku electrolyte, kudzivirira kuwedzera kuparara kwe lithiamu. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukosha kwevhoriyamu shanduko yelithium simbi panguva yekuchaja nekuburitsa, iyo SEI firimu rinowanzo kuputika. Iyo yakafumurwa nyowani yelithium simbi pamusoro inobata zvakare ne electrolyte kuumba itsva SEI firimu. Iyi nzira haingosimudziri kukura kwe lithium dendrites pamwe nekutsemuka asi inogonawo kupinda muparadzi mukati mebhatiri, zvichiita kuti pfupi pfupi. Kana kupfupika kwedunhu kunoitika, huwandu hukuru hwekupisa hunogadzirwa mukati mebhatiri, izvo muzviitiko zvakanyanyisa zvinogona kutungamira mukupisa kana kuputika, zvichikanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedzwa kwekuita uye kutengeswa kwemabhatiri esimbi lithium. Uyezve, sezvo nhamba yelithium dendrites inowedzera, inopa mikana yakawanda yekuti electrode isina kunaka inosangana ne electrolyte, nekudaro ichiwedzera chiyero chemaitiro emativi. Aya maitiro asingadzoreki anoshandisa electrode zvinhu uye electrolyte, kuderedza simba rebhatiri uye kugona kwecoulombic. Mushure mekushandiswa kwenguva refu, akawanda e lithium dendrites anovharirwa mune ichangobva kuumbwa SEI firimu, asingakwanisi kutora chikamu mune yakajairika electrochemical reactions; panguva imwe chete, lithium dendrites pedyo ne substrate inokurumidza kuora, zvichiita kuti "yakafa" lithium, zvinoreva kuti chikamu ichi che lithium chinova chisingaiti chemagetsi, chichideredza zvakanyanya kushanda kwebhatiri. Kwemakore makumi mana apfuura, kufambira mberi kwakakosha kwakaitwa mukutsvagisa uye kutevedzera nzira dzekugadzira lithium dendrite.
Imwe yenzira dzinowanzo shandiswa kudzvanyirira kukura kwedendrite kuwedzera kugadzikana uye kuenderana kweiyo yakasimba electrolyte interface (SEI) layer parithium simbi pamusoro nekugadzirisa kuumbwa kwe electrolyte nekuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu. Nekudaro, sezvo lithium simbi isingagadzike mune organic additives, kugadzira iyo inoshanda passivation layer pamusoro payo munzvimbo yemvura electrolyte zvinonetsa. Kunze kwekunatsiridza iyo SEI layer, kuunza mapolymers kana akasimba zvipingamupinyi akaturikidzana ane yakakwirira mechanical simba anogona zvakare kuva nzira inoshanda yekudzivirira dendrite kupinda mukati mekuparadzanisa. Idzi nzira dzinovavarira kudzivirira lithium dendrite kukuvadzwa kune inoparadzanisa nekuvandudza ma mechanical properties yeSEI layer kana separator pachayo, asi hazvibvisi zvakanyanya dambudziko rekuumbwa kwedendrite. Kunyange zvazvo kukunda kwakazara kwedambudziko iri kuchiri nekanguva, uye lithium metal anode{4}yakavakirwa bhatiri haisati yave kuwanikwa zvakanyanya pamusika, vaongorori vakaronga akati wandei magadzirirwo ebhatiri relithium simbi, achiratidza kugona kwekushandisa. Pakati peaya, mabhatiri e lithium{{6}sarufa anoshandisa sulfur se cathode material uye lithium{7}}oxygen mabhatiri anoshandisa oxygen sezvo cathode active material akwezva kutariswa kukuru nekuda kwekunakirwa kwawo uye anoonekwa maviri anovimbisa kutengeserana ese{8}}sero masisitimu ese. Lithium-mabhatiri esarufa ane simba rakanyanya kusimba (ringaita 2600 W·kg) uye anozivikanwa nevakawanda seanovimbisa mabhatiri echizvarwa chinotevera. Zvinonyanya kukosha, elemental sulfur yakawanda muzvisikwa uye inochengetedza zvakatipoteredza, zvichiwedzera kuratidza kunaka kwelithium-mabhatiri esulfuri. Naizvozvo, mabhatiri elithium-sarufa akatariswa pasi rose mumakore achangopfuura.
Polysulfide intermediates inogadzirwa panguva yekuchaja uye kubuda kwelithium-mabhatiri esarufa anonyungudika mu electrolyte uye shuttle kune negative electrode.Naizvozvo, kudzvinyirirwa kwelithium dendrites kunowedzera kuoma pamberi pepolysulfide intermediates, kunyanya kana sulfur cathode loading yakakwirira. Polysulfides inogona kupinda muSEI firimu uye corrode iyo nyowani lithium simbi pasi pedenga repamusoro, zvichitungamira mukurasikirwa nehukuru. Naizvozvo, kudzivirira polysulfide shuttle kunodiwa kwete chete pakuvandudza cathode simba panguva yelithium{4}sarufa bhatiri kushanda asiwo kuti SEI film kugadzikana uye kuwana dendrite{5}free negative electrode. Kuburikidza nekuedza kuenderera mberi, nzira dzakawanda dzakagadzirwa, kusanganisira yakanaka yekudzikamisa domain uye adsorption, electrolyte gadziriso, uye separator dhizaini. Zvisinei, nzira idzi dzinoita sedzinonyanya kutarisisa kudzvanyirira polysulfide shuttle uye kuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwesarufa cathode, pasina kudzvanya zvakananga kukura kwe dendrite mu lithium metal anode. Kuita kwe lithium-mabhatiri esarufa kunoenderana nekuchengetedzwa kwelithium metal anode. The synergistic effect yeakasiyana dendrite makure ekuderedza nzira anogona kukurumidzisa kushanda kwelithium{{11}mabhatiri esulfur.
Lithium-mabhatiri eokisijeni imhando yebhatiri rinoshandisa oxygen kubva mumhepo sepotive electrode; dzimwe nguva anodaidzwa kuti lithium-mabhatiri emhepo. Theoretical energy density yelithium-mabhatiri eokisijeni akakwira zvekusvika 3500 Wh/kg, kudarika mabhatiri erithium-ekutengesa eion. Naizvozvo, mabhatiri elithium-oxygen aita shanduko munyaya dzekuchengetedza magetsi, zvichikwezva kutariswa nepasi rose uye kuonekwa seanokwikwidza zvakasimba muchizvarwa chinotevera{8}masisitimu ekuchengetedza simba.
Zvakafanana nemabhatiri epolysulfide, muchinjiko weokisijeni-unobatanidza kubva papopositive electrode kuenda kune lithium metal negative electrode mulithium-mabhatiri eokisijeni anogona kukonzera kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma kwerithium metal surface, zvichikonzera kuora kwe electrolyte uye kugadzirwa kweLiOH neLiCO3 panguva yekuchaja. Naizvozvo, nzira dzakati wandei dzakagadzirwa kudzvanyirira oxygen cross-linking. Kunze kwedambudziko rakanaka re electrode, kupera kwelithium kunokonzerwa nekukura kwedendrite uye kukuvadzwa kwefirimu rekufambisa kunotadzisa zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwelithium metal mumabhatiri eokisijeni{{6}okisijeni. Mazano ambotaurwa ekudzvanyirira kukura kwelithium dendrite anoshandawo kune lithium-mabhatiri eokisijeni. Kuburikidza ne electrolyte additives, separator modification, uye negative electrode design, kushanda kwemabhatiri e lithium kunogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya.