A lithium-ion bhatiriibhatiri rinochajwa rinoshandisa zvinhu zviviri zvinokwanisa kudzoreredza kuisa uye deintercalating lithium ions seyakanaka uye yakaipa electrodes, zvichiteerana. Panguva yekuchaja, maatomu e-lithium mune yakanaka electrode ionize kuita lithium ions uye maerekitironi emahara.
Aya maion lithium anobva aenda kune negative electrode uye akabatana nemahara maerekitironi aripo kuti agadzire lithium atomu. Sezvineiwo, panguva yekubuda, maatomu e-lithium ari pa negative electrode anopindazve mu lithium ions uye maerekitironi akasununguka, obva abatanidza pa-positive electrode kuumba lithium maatomu zvakare. Naizvozvo, mukati mechaji yese-inobuda, lithium inogara iripo muchimiro cheionic uye haimbove musimbi yelithium form, ndosaka bhatiri remhando iyi richinzi lithium-ion bhatiri. Zvichienderana nemagadzirirwo akasiyana, mabhatiri eLithium-anonyanyozivikanwa pamusika maseru ehomwe, cylindrical cells, nemabhatani maseru. Iyo positive electrode material yelithium-mabhatiri eion anowanzoita lithium-yakapfuma komboni, seLiCoO2, LiFePO4, LiNiO, neLiMnzO2. Iyo negative electrode material yelithium-mabhatiri eion anonyanya kuenderana negraphite. Nezve electrolyte, mhinduro dzeiyo chaiyo lithium munyu (seLiPF6, LiASF6, uye LiCIO4) yakanyungudutswa muorganic solvents inowanzoshandiswa. Izvi zvinonyungudutsa organic izvi zvinogona kuva ethylene carbonate (EC) kana diethyl carbonate (DEC), zvichingodaro. Kana bhatiri rave kuchaja{19}}kubuda mumhepo, maioni elithium anoenda mberi nekudzoka pakati pemaelectrodes ari positive kana negative. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nenzira yekufananidzira se "rocking chair bhatiri," sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pasi apa.
Kutora lithium-mabhatiri eion ane lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) seye electrode yakanaka uye graphite seyegerodhi isina kunaka semuenzaniso, kutaura kwayo kwe electrochemical ndeiyi: (-)CI LiPF(EC+DEC) / LiCoO2(+).
Positive electrode reaction:
Negative electrode reaction: 5.2
Zvese kuita:5.3
Sezvineiwo, lithium-ion bhatiri rinogona kuonekwa semudziyo unoshanda zvichienderana nekusiyana kwe lithium-ion concentration. Panguva yekuchaja, maioni elithium anoburitswa kubva kune maelectrode epositive, opfuura nepakati peelectrolyte, uye opinzwa munegative electrode material, zvichiita kuti negative electrode lithium-ipfume ukuwo maelectrode ari positive achinzi lithium-yakashata. Panguva imwe chete, kuchengetedza chiyero chechaji chesitimu yese, maerekitironi anofambirana anopihwa kabhoni-based negative electrode kuburikidza nereketi rekunze. Zvichakadaro, panguva yekubuda ropa, maioni e lithium anosimuka kubva kunegative electrode kuenda kuposititive electrode, zvichiita kuti maelectrode akanaka ave lithium-yakapfuma. Kazhinji, panguva yechaji-yakuburitsa, maioni e lithium anodzokororwa uye anotorwa pakati pekabhoni yakaturikidzana nemaokisi. Iyi nzira inonyanya kuratidza sekuchinja kwepakati pepakati uye haikanganise iyo yakakosha kristaro chimiro chemidziyo. Naizvozvo, kubva pakuona kwekuita reversibility, kemikari inochinja mukati mebhatiri relithium{13}}inoonekwa seyakanyanya kunaka kudzoserwa kumashure. Lithium-bhatiri reion rinosanganisira zvinhu zvina zvakakosha: maelectrode, electrolyte, separator, uye casing. Maelectrodhi ndiwo musimboti webhatiri relithium-ion, rine zvinhu zvinobatika, conductive agents, mabhainda, uye zvinounganidza zvino. Active materials (kana maelectrode materials) zvinhu zve electrode mu lithium-mabhatiri eion anoburitsa simba remagetsi kuburikidza nemabatirwo emagetsi panguva yekuchaja nekuburitsa. Vanoona mashandiro eelectrochemical uye maitiro akakosha e lithium-mabhatiri eion. Active zvinhu zvinosanganisira positive electrode zvinhu uye negative electrode zvinhu. Positive electrode zvinhu zvinonyanya kuita upfu mucomposite metal compounds dzine mukana wepamusoro (zvinei nelithium metal electrodes), zvakaita seLiCoO₂, LiMnO₄, LiNi₁-x-Co:MnyO₂, LiCo:Ni{26}}O₂, neLiFe.
Negative electrode zvinhu zvinosanganisira kabhoni zvinhu, alloy zvinhu, uye simbi oxide zvinhu. Parizvino, zvinhu zvikuru zvakanaka uye zvisina kunaka emagetsi e lithium-mabhatiri eion anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumidziyo inotakurika iLiCoO₂ negraphite, zvichiteerana. Pamusoro pezvo, maconductive agents (akadai seacetylene nhema) anowanzowedzerwa panguva yekugadzira maelectrode kuti avandudze mafambisirwo emagetsi emagetsi akanaka uye asina kunaka kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvemabhatiri e lithium-ion. Kuve nechokwadi chekuti granular yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode zvinhu uye conductive agents vanonamatira zvakasimba kumuunganidzi aripo, binder inowanzowedzerwa. Mabhainda akajairwa anoiswa muboka semafuta{{6}anobva uye nemvura{{7}yakabva. Oiri{{9}mabhainda anoenderana neoiri anonyanya kusanganisira polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) uye polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), ukuwo mvura{{10}mabhainda emvura ari kunyanya carboxymethyl cellulose/styrene-butadiene rabha (CMC/SBR). Basa guru remuunganidzi wezvino nderekuitisa maerekitironi kubva kune inoshanda uye kugovera ikozvino zvakaenzana, ukuwo uchitsigira inoshanda. Vatori vemazuva ano vanowanzodikanwa kuti vave nepamusoro pesimba remagetsi, kunaka kwemakemikari kugadzikana, uye high conductivity. Ikozvino muunganidzi weiyo yakanaka electrode ialuminium foil, uye iye zvino muunganidzi weiyo negative electrode ndeyemhangura foil.
Basa re electrolyte nderekuitisa lithium ions pakati peiyo yakanaka uye yakaipa electrodes. Sarudzo yeelectrolyte inotemesa mashandiro ebhatiri uye inokanganisa simba raro chairo, mashandiro edziviriro, kutenderera kwemagetsi, kuita kwechiyero, kuderera-kushambidzika kwekushisa, uye kushanda kwekuchengetedza. Parizvino, mabhatiri eLithium-anowanikwa mune kutengeserana anonyanya kushandisa asiri-aqueous electrolyte masisitimu, anosanganisira organic solvents uye conductive lithium salt. Iyo organic solvent ndiyo chikamu chikuru che electrolyte uye yakanyatsoenderana nekuita kwayo; inowanzova musanganiswa weorganic solvents senge ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, uye methyl ethyl carbonate. Iyo conductive lithium munyu inopa iyo lithium ion inotakurwa pakati peiyo yakanaka uye yakaipa electrode uye inoumbwa neinorganic kana organic anions uye lithium ions. Parizvino, iyo huru inotengeswa conductive lithium munyu ndeye LiPF6. Munguva itsva, kuvandudza kushanda kwe electrochemical yelithium-mabhatiri eion uye kuwana mamwe mabasa anokosha, zvinowedzerwa zvinoshanda, senge zvinodzora moto, zvinowanzowedzerwa ku electrolyte.
Mukugadzira lithium-ion bhatiri dhizaini, chinoparadzanisa chinowanikwa pakati pemaelectrodes akanaka neasina kunaka, uye basa rayo guru nderokudzivirira kusangana kwakananga pakati pemaelectrode maviri, nokudaro kudzivirira maseketi mapfupi. Panguva imwe chete, iyo yakasarudzika microporous chimiro chechinhu ichi chinobvumira lithium ions kuti ipfuure nemahara.Muparadzi anoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kwebhatiri, hupenyu hwekutenderera, uye kuchengetedzwa kwese; saka, kushandisa-separator yemhando yepamusoro kunogona kunatsiridza zvakanyanya kushanda kwe electrochemical yebhatiri. Parizvino, marudzi anonyanya kushandiswa ekuparadzanisa pamusika ndeakakwirira-mafirimu esimba akagadzirwa nemapololefins, anosanganisira maburi ezvigadzirwa zvakagadzirwa nepolypropylene nepolyethylene, pamwe chete nezvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa kuburikidza necopolymerization yepropylene uye ethylene kana kushandisa polyethylene homopolymer chete. Kushandiswa kwezvisiri{7}}zvinonyungudutsa zvine mvura mumabhatiri e-lithium{8}}zvinoita kuti lithium-idzike{9}}ion conductivity, nokudaro zvinoda nzvimbo yakakura ye electrode. Pamusoro pazvo, kushandiswa kwespiral{11}mumaronda ekugadzira maronda panguva yekubatanidza bhatiri kunoreva kuti kushanda kwebhatiri hakubvi chete pamaelectrodi pachawo asiwo pamabhainda anoshandiswa mukugadzira mabhatiri. Aya mabhanhire anofanirwa kuve nechokwadi chekufanana uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvinhu zvinoshanda panguva yekugadzira maelectrode, zvinonyatso sunga zvinhu zvinoshanda kumuunganidzi aripo, kufambisa kuumbwa kweinodzivirira SEI (yakasimba-clectrolyte interphase) firimu pagraphite anode, kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwekupisa kwakakwana panguva yekuomesa, uye kunyatsonyoroveswa neelectrolyte.
Kaseji yekunze igaba rebhatiri relithium-ion. Makaseji anowanzo shandiswa anosanganisira makese esimbi, aruminiyamu casings, uye aruminiyamu-eplastic composite casings. Kazhinji, iyo casing inodikanwa kutsungirira shanduko mukupisa uye kuderera kwekushisa uye ngura kubva ku electrolyte.