Kudyidzana kwegetsi rekuchengetedza magetsi kuri kubvunza kuti mabhatiri aya anogona kubairira mumagetsi atakavaka makore 50-70 apfuura pasina zvese zvichienda kudivi. Giridhi remagetsi rakagadzirirwa nzira imwe - magetsi anoyerera kubva kumagetsi emagetsi kuenda kumba kwako. Kupera kwenyaya. Ikozvino tiri kuyedza kuita kuti ishande nemabhatiri anochaja, anoburitsa, uye chinja pakati pezviviri mumasekonzi.
Tsanangudzo yehunyanzvi inopinda mumagetsi paramita, frequency mhinduro, uye harmonics. Asi izvo zvinouya pasi ndezvekuti iyo yekuchengetedza system inotamba yakanaka nezvimwe zvese zvakabatana kune grid. Inogona here kupindura kumasaini kubva kune grid opareta? Inogadzira ruzha rwemagetsi runokwenya mimwe michina here? Icharamba yakagadzikana here kana grid mamiriro ekuchinja?
Nei Speed Ichikosha Kupfuura Kugona
Vanhu vazhinji vanotarisa kuti ingani simba rinogona kuchengetedza bhatiri. Ndiyo megawati-maawa (MWh). Asi pakuenderana kwegidhi, chiyero chemagetsi mu megawatts (MW) uye nekukurumidza kwainogona kupindura zvinhu zvakanyanya.
Hornsdale Power Reserve muSouth Australia yakaratidza chimwe chinhu chakakosha - yavo 100 MW/129 MWh Tesla bhatiri rekuisa rinogona kukwira kubva pazero kuenda kusimba rakazara mu140 milliseconds. Chinyakare gasi peaker zvidyarwa zvinoda maminitsi gumi kusvika gumi nemashanu kuti utange uye usvike kuzere kuburitsa. Musiyano iwoyo wakakura paunenge uchiedza kuchengetedza grid frequency yakagadzikana. Frequency inofanirwa kugara pakati pe49.9 ne50.1 Hz muAustralia (kana 59.9-60.1 Hz kuNorth America), uye kutsauka kunze kweiyo tambo kunogona kukanganisa michina kana kukonzeresa kutadza kudonha. Dhata kubva teslamag.de yakaratidza bhatiri iri richipindura kurwendo rwemarasha kuSouth Australia nekukurumidza kupfuura chero chinhu chiri pagridi.
Dambudziko reFrequency Hapana Akarongerwa
Magridhi anomhanya pane alternating current, ayo anotenderera pane imwe frequency. MuNorth America inosvika 60 Hz, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda iri 50 Hz. Kana chizvarwa uye mutoro zvakaenzana, frequency inoramba yakagadzikana. Kana pakaita kurasikirwa kwechizvarwa kamwe kamwe - gwenya remagetsi rinofamba pasina Indaneti - inodonha. Magridi echinyakare aibata izvi nemaspinning reserves, kunyanya zvidyarwa zvemagetsi zvinomhanya pasi pesimba zvinogona kukwira nekukasira.
Mabhatiri akachinja equation. Vanogona kupinza simba ipapo ipapo, asi vanogona zvakare kudonha nekukurumidza kana vasina kudzorwa nemazvo. Izvi zvinogadzira matambudziko matsva ekuenderana nekuti magidhi ekudzora masisitimu akagadzirwa akatenderedza anononoka kupindura maitiro ezvakajairwa chizvarwa.
Mitemo Isingakwanisi Kuchengeta
IEEE 1547 ndiyo chiyero chikuru muUS chekubatanidza zvakagoverwa simba zviwanikwa. Iyo 2018 update yaifanirwa kugadzirisa nyaya neshanduro ya2003, iyo yakanyorwa -yakakura bhatiri rekuchengetedza risati ravapo. Asi kunyangwe iyo 2018 chiyero haivharise zvese zvekuchengetera masisitimu anofanirwa kuita.
California yakarova 10,000 MW yeyakaiswa bhatiri huwandu mukutanga kwa2024 maererano neCalifornia Independent System Operator data inowanikwa pacaiso.com. Zvizhinji zvezvimisikidzo izvi lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) chemistry ine simba density yakatenderedza 90-120 Wh/kg. Yakaderera pane iyo 150-200 Wh/kg yaunowana nemabhatiri eNMC, asi yakagadzikana zvakanyanya pakupisa kwakanyanya uye hupenyu huri nani hwekutenderera kwegridi application.
Dambudziko nderokuti kushandiswa kwese kwakawedzera zvavanoda pamusoro peIEEE 1547. Hawaiian Electric ine imwe seti yemitemo. PG&E ine akasiyana. Izvo zvinoshanda pakuisa bhatiri muCalifornia zvinogona kusasangana nezvinodiwa muTexas kana New York. Iko hakuna chaiyo yakajairwa, izvo zvinoita kuti kukwirisa chengetedzo kudhure kupfuura zvazvinofanira kuva.
Inverters Ndiwo Iwo Chaiwo Bottleneck
Iyo inverter ndiyo iyo DC bhatiri simba rinoshandura kuita AC grid simba. Ndiyo zvakare kuenderana chokepoint. Grid yemazuva ano-mainverters akasungwa anoda kuita voltage regulation, reactive power support, frequency response, uye kutaurirana nevanoshandisa grid vachishandisa maprotocol akaita seDNP3 kana Modbus. Mamwe ma inverters anogona kuita zvese izvi nemazvo. Vamwe havagoni.
Paunenge uine akawanda ekuchengetedza masisitimu pane imwechete yekugovera wedunhu, ma inverters avo anogona kurwa. Imwe system inoedza kukwidza voltage, imwe inoedza kuidzikisa. Izvi zvinogadzira oscillations inogona kukuvadza michina kana rwendo rwekudzivirira relay. Kubatanidza akawanda inverters kunoda akaomesesa ekudzora masisitimu ayo akawanda maturusi asati ave nawo.
Real Projects, Matambudziko Chaiyo
Moss Landing Energy Storage Facility muCalifornia parizvino ndiyo imwe yemabhatiri makuru pasi rose - 3,000 MW maererano nePacific Gas & Electric zvinyorwa pa pge.com. Inogona kushandura kubva kuzara kuzara kusvika kuzara mukati mesekondi, izvo zvinoita kuti ive yakakosha kune frequency regulation uye peak kudiwa manejimendi.
Asi kugarisana kwakanga kusiri kwoga. PG&E yaifanira kusimudzira matransformer nemidziyo yekudzivirira panzvimbo yekubatanidza. Vaida masystem matsva ekugadzirisa bhatiri nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvechizvarwa. Iyo purojekiti yakatora makore matatu kubva pamvumo kusvika pakushanda, uye chikamu chakakosha chenguva iyoyo chakashandiswa pazvidzidzo zvekubatanidza grid uye kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa.
Zvidiki zvakagovaniswa zvekuchengetedza zvigadziriso zvinosangana nematambudziko akasiyana. Nzvimbo dzekugara uye dzekutengesa masisitimu dzinofanirwa kusangana neUL 9540 uye UL 1973 chengetedzo zviyero. Vanofanirwa kutevedzera macode emagetsi emunharaunda anosiyana zvakanyanya pakati penzvimbo. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoda kukurumidza kuvhara masimba. Vamwe vanoraira ma switch switch kana masisitimu ekudzima moto.
Mutengo Wekuenderana
Kusangana kwekubatanidza zvinodiwa kunowedzera 15-20% kumutengo wakaiswa wegadziriro yekuchengetedza. Izvi zvinosanganisira michina yekudzivirira yakasarudzika, hardware yekutaurirana, zvidzidzo zvemhando yemagetsi, uye mubhadharo wekubatanidza wekushandisa. Kune mapurojekiti madiki, mitengo iyi inogona kuuraya hupfumi zvachose. Iyo 500 kWh yekutengesa chengetedzo system inogona kuve ine musoro kuderedzwa kwechaji, asi kwete kana iwe uchifanira kushandisa imwe $50,000 pane yekubatanidza zvinodiwa.
Germany ine zviyero zvakasiyana kuburikidza neVDE isingaenderane nezvinodiwa neIEEE. Zvishandiso zvakagadzirirwa musika wekuNorth America zvinowanzoda magadzirirwo ehardware kuti ashande muEurope. Izvi zvinotsemura musika uye zvinodzivirira rudzi rwehuwandu hwekugadzira hupfumi hwehukuru hwakadzikisira mutengo wesolar panel.
Chii Chinoitika Kana Mabhatiri Akwegura
Lithium mabhatiri anoderedza. Kugona kunopera, kuramba kwemukati kunowedzera, uye kushanda kunoderera nekufamba kwenguva. Iyo bhatiri sisitimu yakasangana nezvose zvinodikanwa zvegidhi apo nyowani inogona kunetseka mushure memakore mashanu-7 ekumhanya bhasikoro.
Grid codes hainyatso verengera kuderedzwa uku. Iyo sisitimu inofanirwa kuramba ichienderana mukati memakore ayo gumi-15 anotarisirwa hupenyu. Kudzora masisitimu anofanirwa kuchinjika sezvo maitiro ebhatiri anochinja. Kumwe kuisirwa kwekutanga kwekuchengetedza kuri kuita nyaya uko mabhatiri akashatiswa haakwanise kupa nguva dzekupindura kana mazinga emagetsi avakavimbisa pakutanga kune anoshanda grid.
Iko hakuna nzira yakajairwa yekubata izvi. Vamwe vanogadzira mapurojekiti vanokurira masisitimu avo pakutanga, vachironga kudzikisira. Vamwe vanoshandisa sophisticated bhatiri manejimendi masisitimu anogadzirisa anoshanda paramita sezera remabhatiri. Asi izvi zvinowedzera kuoma uye mutengo wanga usiri mumhando dzekutanga mapurojekiti.
Iyo Renewable Integration Dambudziko
Kupinda kwepamusoro kunogonekazve kunogadzira mikwidza inokwirisa inoda kubata. Kana kugadzirwa kwezuva kuchiparara manheru, mabhatiri anobuda kuti azadze gap. Kana mhepo ikangoerekana yasimuka husiku, mabhatiri anochaja kuti atore chizvarwa chakawandisa.
Kubatanidza izvi kune zviuru zvega yega masisitimu ekuchengetedza idambudziko rekudzora gidhi risati rambotarisana naro. Unoda nguva chaiyo-kutarisisa, kutaurirana nekukurumidza, uye maalgorithms anogona kugonesa kutumira pane zvakagoverwa. Mamwe matunhu ari kuvaka hunyanzvi uhu. Vamwe vachiri kushanda pamasisitimu ekudzora kubva kuma1980 ayo asingakwanise kubata chizvarwa, ndoda zviuru zvemabhatiri anogona kushandura kuburitsa kwavo mumamilliseconds.
Iyo Infrastructure Hapana Anoda Kubhadhara
Vatsigiri vekuchengetedza vanotaura nezve mabhatiri anogonesa simba rinowanikwazve. Icho ichokwadi chete kana grid yemagetsi inogona kubata bidirectional simba kuyerera. Munzvimbo dzakawanda, hazvigoni. Magetsi ekuparadzira akagadzirirwa nzira imwe-kuyerera kwemagetsi. Zvirongwa zvekudzivirira zvinofungidzira kukanganisa ikozvino kunobva kune yekufambisa system, kwete kubva kumabhatiri pane network yekugovera.
Kuvandudza zvivakwa izvi kunoda mabhiriyoni. Zvishandiso zvinozeza kushandisa mari pakuvandudza izvo zvingasabhadhara kwemakumi emakore. Maregulator anonetsekana kubvumidza kuwedzera kwemitengo kune zvivakwa izvo vatengi vasingaone zvakananga. Saka kugarisana zvipimo zvinoramba zviripo nekuti hwaro haupo kutsigira izvo zvigadziriso zvinogona kuita.
Pakamira Zvinhu
Australia neCalifornia dzakadzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pegridi-kubatanidzwa kwezvichengetedzo pane kumwe kupi. Kutumirwa kwavo kukuru kwakafumura matambudziko aive asiri pachena mumapurojekiti ekuyedza. Vakagadzira zviyero zviri nani, masisitimu ekudzora akavandudzwa, uye vakadzidziswa vashandi vevashandi vanonzwisisa mashandisiro emagridi ane yakakosha kuchengetedza.
Asi hapana bhuku rekutamba repasi rose. Izvo zvinoshanda muSouth Australia negridhi yayo yega zvinogona kusashanda kuTexas nehurongwa hwayo hukuru hwakabatana. Maitiro eCalifornia ekutarisira zviwanikwa zvekuchengetera haaturidzire zvakananga kumatunhu ane akasiyana misika zvimiro kana zvimiro zvekutonga.
Energy kuchengetedza system grid kuenderana kunoramba kuri basa ririkuenderera mberi. Tekinoroji iripo. Mitemo iri kuvandudzika. Chiitiko chiri kuunganidza. Asi kuita kuti mabhatiri ashande zvakavimbika nemagidhi emagetsi asina kugadzirirwa iwo zvinotora nguva, mari, uye kudzidza kwemasangano kusingagone kumhanyiswa. Mamwe matunhu anozozviona nekukurumidza kupfuura mamwe, uye iwo asingabhadhari anobhadhara mitengo yakakwira kune mashoma akavimbika magridi kupfuura aangadai ave nawo.