Tarisai, ndichataura chokwadi kwamuri{{0}pandakatanga kutarisa lithium ion bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba rezuva, ndakakurirwa nekukurumidza. Wese munhu ari kukanda-acronyms seLFP neNMC, kutaura nezve kutenderera hupenyu nekudzika kwekubuda, uye hafu yenguva inonzwa sekunge vari kuyedza kukutengesera chimwe chinhu pane kunyatso kutsanangura zvinoshanda.
Saka hezvino izvo zvandakadzidza mushure mekutaura nevatatu vakasiyana vanoisa, kudzorera imwe bhatiri system iyo isina kunyatsoshanda pane zvandinoda, uye pakupedzisira kumhara pane chimwe chinhu chinoita basa.
Chinhu Hapana Anokuudza Pamberi
Tisati tambopinda mune iro bhatiri rinoita zvakanyanya, pane ichi chinogumbura chokwadi:zvinoenderana nezvauri kureva ne "zvakanakisa."
Tiri kutaura nezvekugara kwenguva refu here? Kuchengeta simba rakawanda? Kuve yakachengeteka sarudzo kana uine vana vanomhanya-mhanya? Kwete kubata moto kana chimwe chinhu chikatadza (hongu, ndiko kunetseka chaiko)? Kana kuti ... kwete kudhura zvakanyanya semotokari yakashandiswa?
Nekuti hechino chinhu-bhatiri rakakwana kumuvakidzani wangu asingambo shandisa 15 kWh pazuva rakasiyana zvachose nerinoshanda kuhama yangu ine hofisi yekumba ine maseva anoenda 24/7 pamwe neTesla inochaja manheru ega ega.
Chii Chinonyanya Kukosha (Kubva paKushandiswa Kwechokwadi)
Mushure mekuita izvi zvese, ndingati zvinhu zvitatu zvinonyanya kukosha, uye pamwe handizvo zvaungatarisira:
Kutanga kubva-pakuchengetedzwa.Ndinoziva, ndoziva, zvinonzwika kufinha kana zvichienzaniswa ne "ingani simba randingachengeta?" Asi ndosaka zvichikosha: mabhatiri aya anogara mugaraji rako kana kunze kwemba yako kwemakore gumi-15. Vari kuchaja uye vachibvisa nguva dzose. Mamwe marudzi ebhatiri anobata kupisa kushushikana zviri nani kupfuura mamwe, uye mamwe ane rekodhi rekodhi yekusave nekupisa kwekupisa nyaya. Ndiyo tech-speak ye "kwete kubata moto."
LFP mabhatiri (Lithium Iron Phosphate) anokunda pano, maoko pasi. Ivo vakashandiswa mukuchengetedza solar kubvira 2010-ish uye data rekuchengetedza rakasimba. Ndakataura neshamwari yemoto inoongorora iyo yakati vangoona moto wekugara weLFP pabasa ravo rese, uye kubva mukukanganisa kwekuisa, kwete bhatiri pacharo.
Enzanisa izvozvo kune ekare NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) setups kubva 2016-2018 era-paive nezviitiko zvakakwana zvekuti makambani einishuwarenzi akatanga kubvunza mibvunzo. Iwo mabhatiri matsva eNMC ari nani, usandifungidzire zvisizvo, asi LFP inongova nerekodhi rekodhi.
Chechipiri-maitirwo azvinoita nekufamba kwenguva.Iyo spec sheet inoti zviuru zvina kutenderera kana zviuru zvitanhatu kutenderera, asi izvo zviri pasi peyakanaka lab mamiriro. Ko kana iri 95℃F mugaraji rako? Ko kana uchinge uchiita madhirigi akazara nekuti unenge usiri-grid?
Ndakadzidza izvi nenzira yakaoma nebhatiri rangu rekutanga. Yakaverengerwa "2,000 cycles," asi mushure memwedzi gumi nemisere yekushandiswa kwemazuva ese muTexas kupisa, huwandu hwakaderera kusvika pa70%. Mugadziri akataura kuti "mukati mezvimiro zvenguva dzose" nekuti ndanga ndichiishandisa mu "zvisiri{6}}zvakanyanya tembiricha." Dudziro: vaiziva kuti yaizodzikisira nekukurumidza mukupisa asi yakavigwa iyo info papeji 47 yebhuku.
Yakachinjirwa kuLFP system, uye makore maviri gare gare ichiri pa96% kugona. Same garage. Kupisa kwakafanana. Kemikari yakasiyana.
Chechitatu-uye izvi zvinoshanda here-zvinoita zvakanaka here negadziriro yako iripo?Mamwe mabhatiri anoshanda chete nemainverters chaiwo. Vamwe vanoda proprietary monitoring systems. Mamwe haagone kuwedzerwa gare gare pasina kutenga yakazara nyowani control unit.
Mudzidzisi wangu wemagetsi akandiudza kuti aburitsa matatu akasiyana mabhatiri masisitimu mugore rapfuura nekuti varidzi vemba vaida kuwedzera huwandu asi vakaona kuti bhatiri ravo rakanga risiri modular. Vaifanira kutanga kubva patsva. Izvo zvinodhura.
Saka Ndeipi Inonyatsoita Zvakanakisa?
Zvakanaka, tibvise ruzha-kana tichitaura nezvekuita kwekuchengetedza, kurarama kwenguva refu, uye{1}}kuvimbika chaiko kwenyika,LFP chemistry inohwina yekuchengetedza zuva repamba. Kwete kana pedyo.
Asi rega ndiputse sarudzo chaidzo nekuti pane nuance pano:
LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate) - The Reliable Workhorse
Izvi ndizvo zvandakaguma nazvo, uye izvo vazhinji vanoisa solar vari kusundira izvozvi nechikonzero chakanaka.
Zvinhu zvakanaka:Aya mabhatiri anongoshanda. Vanobata 4,000-6,000 zvizere macycles vasati vadzika kusvika 80% yehuwandu, izvo zvinoshandura makore gumi nemaviri-15 mudzimba zhinji. Iwo akatsiga kusvika 140℃F (Ndakaedza izvi netsaona apo garaji rangu rakarova 127℃F zhizha rapfuura-bhatiri harina basa). Vanochaja zvinobudirira kunyangwe kana vakazara zvishoma, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kupfuura zvinofungwa nevanhu.
Iyo yekuchengetedza nhoroondo ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka muindasitiri. Iyo cathode zvinhu zvakagadzikana. Nyangwe ukaipinza zvachose uye ukaita short circuit-uye ndapota usadaro-haizopinda mukupisa sezvinoita mamwe machemistries.
The downsides:Vane zvakawanda. Bhatiri reLFP rinochengeta simba rakaderera papondo richienzaniswa neNMC, saka kana iwe uchikwira pamadziro ane huremu huremu, zvine basa. Ivo zvakare vanodhura zvakanyanya kumberi, kunyangwe hurefu hwehupenyu hunowanzo wedzera izvo kunze.
Zvakare-uye hapana akataura izvi kusvika ndatenga zvangu-hazvinakidzi pakutonhora kwakanyanya. Pazasi pe32℃F, kuchaja kunodzikira zvakanyanya. Kana uri kuMontana kana kumwe kunowanikwa nguva yechando yakakodzera, unoda bhatiri munzvimbo ine mamiriro ekunze-inodzorwa.
NMC (Nickel Manganese Cobalt) - Kuita Kwepamusoro neAsterisks
Mamwe majenareta ezuva anotakurika uye maEV anoshandisa chemistry iyi nekuti inotakura yakawanda punch paundi.
Painopenya:Energy density inoshamisa. Iwe unogona kuchengeta 20-30% yakawanda simba munzvimbo imwechete yemuviri uchienzaniswa neLFP. Kana nzvimbo yakaoma kana iwe uchida inotakurika magetsi mhinduro, NMC ine musoro.
Pazvisingaite:Hupenyu hwemabhasikoro kazhinji kacho 1,000-2,000 mitsetse isati yanyangarika. Zvakanaka kune chimwe chinhu chaunoshandisa apo neapo, asi pakuchengetedza zuva nezuva, uri kutarisa 3-5 makore ehupenyu max. Izvo zvakare zvakanyanya-sensitive tembiricha uye zvinoda zvirinani kutonhora masisitimu.
Chinhu chekuchengetedza chakakosha pano zvakare. Mabhatiri eNMC emazuva ano ane masisitimu ekutonga ari nani pane echikuru, asi achiri kushanda zvakanyanya kupfuura LFP. Unoda kutonhora kwakasimba uye kutarisa, izvo zvinowedzera mutengo uye kuoma.
Kutaura chaiko:Ndakapotsa ndatenga NMC system nekuti yaive $1,200 yakachipa kune imwechete yakayerwa huwandu. Mugadziri wangu akanditaurira kunze, uye ndinofara kuti akadaro. Vaviri vevatengi vake vane mabhatiri eNMC vaifanira kuvatsiva mukati memakore mana. Zvichakadaro, vatengi vake veLFP kubva 2018 vachiri kushanda zvakanaka.
NCA (Nickel Cobalt Aluminium) - Iyo Tesla Option
Tesla Powerwall inoshandisa chemistry iyi, izvo zvinoita kuti vanhu vafunge kuti ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo. Hazvisizvo hazvo-zvakasarudzwa naTesla nezvikonzero chaizvo.
Izvo zvinoita zvakanaka:Yakakwira simba density, yakafanana neNMC. Kubuda kwemagetsi kwakanaka, zvine basa kana uchimhanyisa mitoro inorema. Kubatanidzwa kwaTesla ne ecosystem yavo hakuna musono kana watova munyika iyoyo.
Chii chanetsa:Zvinodhura. Kufanana, inodhura chaizvo. Iwe uri kubhadharira Tesla brand uye ecosystem, kwete bhatiri chete. Hupenyu hwema cycles hwakanaka (2,000-3,000 cycles) asi hazvina kujairika. Chengetedzo mbiri iri pakati peLFP neNMC-zvirinani pane yekare NMC, isina kugadzikana seLFP.
Nyaya hombe ndeyekuvhara-mukati. Iwe haugone kuwedzera zviri nyore nezvisiri{2}}zvikamu zveTesla, uye kana chimwe chinhu chitaruka, uri kubata neTesla's service system, iyo ... isingaenderani, ngatitii.
LTO (Lithium Titanate) - Yakanyanya Kupfuura Zvausingakwanise
Ndiri kusanganisira izvi nekuti unogona kuzviona zvichitaurwa, asi zvine musoro, hazvisi zvekushandisa pekugara.
Aya mabhatiri anochaja nekukurumidza zvinoshamisa uye anogara senge 15,000-20,000 ma cycles. Dzinenge dzisina kuparadzwa. Ivo zvakare vanodhura 3-4x kupfuura LFP uye kuchengetedza nzira shoma simba payuniti yehuremu.
Iwe unovawana mumabhazi emagetsi, mapurojekiti ekudzikamisa grid, uye kushandiswa kwechiuto. Zvesolar kumba? Yakazara overkill uye isingaite zvehupfumi kunze kwekunge uine chaizvo zvaunoda uye mari yekupisa.
Zvakadini Neaya Machati Okuenzanisa Ose?
Iwe wakamboona matafura achienzanisa huwandu, hupenyu hwekutenderera, mutengo pakWh, uye zviyero zvekuchengetedza. Iwo anobatsira kune imwe pfungwa, asi anopotsa akakosha mamiriro.
Semuenzaniso, chati inogona kuratidza NMC ine "yakakwirira" simba density uye LFP ine "pakati" density. Nehunyanzvi chokwadi. Asi hazvikuudze kuti mumamiriro ezvinhu epanyika chaiwo-nekushanduka kwetembiricha, gwanza rinodzikira zvakanyanya nekuti NMC inoda hutongi hwehukasha hunopedza simba.
Kana kuti iwe uchaona hupenyu hwekutenderera hwakanyorwa se "4,000 cycles" yeLFP. Chavasingataure ndechekuti kusvika pa80% kugona, kwete kutadza zvachose. Bhatiri reLFP pa4,500 cycles rinogona kunge richiri pa75% kugona uye rinonyatso shandiswa. Bhatiri reNMC pamuganho waro wekutenderera rinowanzoshanda rakafa.
Mubvunzo Wandinoda Kuti Mumwe Andibvunza
Panzvimbo pe "iyo inoita zvakanyanya," mumwe munhu aifanira kunge akandibvunza:"Urikuzama kuita sei chaizvo?"
Kana uchida magetsi ekuchengetedza apo neapo{{0}sezvinoita kanoverengeka pagore-pachokwadi, ungasatomboda bhatiri repamusoro-rinoshanda. Sitimu yepakati-inochengeta firiji neinternet zvichishanda kwemaawa 8-12 yakawanda.
Kana uri kuyedza kudzima{{0}grid kana kuti uri kuchovha bhasikoro zuva nezuva kuti udzivise huwandu hwemagetsi, hongu, unoda LFP kana kuti unenge uchitsiva mabhatiri makore mashoma ega ega.
Kana iwe uri muridzi weRV kana uchida simba rinotakurika, uremu mutsauko unokosha kupfuura hupenyu hurefu, saka pamwe NMC ine musoro kunyangwe hupenyu hupfupi.
Yangu Chaiyo Kurudziro
Kune vanhu vazhinji vari kuita pekugara solar nekuchengetedza bhatiri:Enda neLFP chemistry kubva kumugadziri ane mukurumbira.
Tarisa masisitimu ayo:
Iva neanosvika 4,000 akatemerwa macycles
Sanganisira yakanaka yekupisa manejimendi (kunyanya kana iwe uri munzvimbo inopisa)
Ari modular saka iwe unogona kuwedzera gare gare
Ndanga ndiri pamusika kweinenge 2-3 makore (kudzivisa hutsva, masisitimu asina kuratidzwa)
Huya ne 10+ garandi yegore
Usadhure paBattery Management System (BMS). BMS yakanaka inoita kuti bhatiri rive rakanaka. BMS yakaipa inoparadza bhatiri hombe. Bvunza mugadziri wako nezve BMS-kana asingakwanise kuitsanangura zvakajeka, ndiwo mureza mutsvuku.
Uye chimwezve chinhu hapana anokuudza: ita shuwa kuti inishuwarenzi yemuridzi wemba yako inovhara bhatiri system. Mamwe marongero echikuru haadaro, uye iwe zvechokwadi unoda kuti zvinyorwe chimwe chinhu chisati chaitika.
The Reality Check
Hechino chimwe chinhu chinogona kukuchengetedza mari: bhatiri rinonyatsoita pabepa rinogona kunge risiri sarudzo yakanakisa yemamiriro ako.
Ndakapedza mavhiki ndichifunga nezvekuwana iyo "yakanakisa" sisitimu, ndichitsvaga yega yega, ndichiverenga wongororo yega yega. Ipapo mugadziri wangu akataura kuti yepakati-tier LFP system yaizovhara 100% yezvandinoda uye inodhura $4,000 pasi peyepamusoro-tier sarudzo. Musiyano wekuita? Ndingangowana rimwe gore rehupenyu uye nekuchaja nekukurumidza zvishoma zvandisati ndamboona mukushandiswa kwemazuva ese.
Dzimwe nguva "zvakanaka zvakakwana" zvakakwana zvakakwana, kunyanya kana "zvakanakisa" zvichireva kubhadhara mitengo yepamusoro yezvinhu zvausingazomboshandisa.
Kuri Kuendepi Musika
Chiziviso chekukurumidza pane izvi nekuti zvinokanganisa sarudzo dzekutenga: mabhatiri akasimba-anoramba achinyengerera se "chinhu chikuru chinotevera" mukuchengetedza simba. Ivo pamwe vachava pakupedzisira. Asi pari zvino, ari kudhura, kugadzira kushoma, uye hapana data renguva refu rakakwana-rokuti ini ndivakurudzire pakudyara kwemakore gumi.
Namatira neyakaedzwa tekinoroji kunze kwekunge iwe uchinakidzwa nekuve wekutanga adopter guinea pig. Ndakadzidza chidzidzo ichocho nesmart home tech-rega mumwe munhu agadzirise tsikidzi.
Pazasi Line
Yakanyanya kunaka kwekugara kwezuva kuchengetedza: LFP (Lithium Iron Phosphate)
Ndiyo mhinduro inofinha, asi inofinha nekuti inoshanda. Yakachengeteka, -inogara, tekinoroji yakasimbiswa, inobata bhasikoro zuva nezuva zvakanaka, uye hausi kuzozvitsiva mumakore 3-4.
Kana iwe uchinyatsoda yakanyanya kuwanda simba uye unzwisise kuti uchaitsiva nekukurumidza, NMC inogona kushanda. Kana iwe wakavharirwa muTesla's ecosystem uye mutengo wepamusoro haukunetse, Powerwall yakanaka.
Asi kune vanhu vazhinji vanoverenga izvi vanoda kuchengetedza simba rezuva, kuderedza mabhiri emagetsi avo, uye kuve nesimba rekuchengetedza parinodiwa? LFP inoita basa racho pasina dhirama, uye ndizvo zvakanakisa zvaunogona kukumbira kubva kubhatiri richagara mugaraji rako kwemakore gumi anotevera.