Musika wekuchengetedza simba uri kufamba nekukurumidza kupfuura vazhinji vedu vanogona kutevedzera. Uye ndiro dambudziko chairo. Mwedzi woga woga pane kemisitiri itsva yebhatiri inovimbisa shanduko, chimwe chishandiso chiri kuzivisa kushandiswa kukuru, kana kumwe kutanga kuchiti vatyora kodhi pagridi{2}}chikero chekuchengetedza. Kana usiri kuongorora zviri kunyatsoshanda kunze uko-uye zvinonyanya kukosha, chii chirikutadza-hauoni.
Mubvunzo hausi wekuti iweanofanirateerera kune magetsi ekuchengetedza maapplication. Ndiko kuti haugone here.
Mubvunzo Wemari (Nekuti Ngative Vakatendeseka)
Mabhirioni emadhora ari kudururira mukuchengetedza simba izvozvi. BloombergNEF yakaverengera mari yepasi rose inodarika mabhiriyoni makumi matatu nematanhatu emadhora muna 2023 chete, uye nhamba iyi inoramba ichikwira. Asi hezvino izvo zvisingakuudze mishumo inopenya: nhamba inoshamisa yemapurojekiti aya haashande. Vamwe vanokundikana zvachose. Iyo Hornsdale Power Reserve muSouth Australia? Kubudirira kukuru. Iyo AES Alamitos bhatiri moto muCalifornia? Kwete zvakanyanya.
Kunzwisisaseimamwe maapplication anobudirira asi mamwe tangi isiri yedzidzo-iri kurarama. Kunyangwe iwe uri chishandiso chiri kuedza kuona kana iwe uchifanirwa kutsiva yako gasi peakers, investor achiongorora ekutanga kuchengetedza, kana grid opareta achishamisika kuti yakawanda sei frequency regulation simba raunoda chaizvo, idzi sarudzo dzine mhedzisiro chaiyo.
Mutengo wekuita zvisizvo? Tiri kutaura makumi emamiriyoni, dzimwe nguva mazana emamiriyoni. Iyo haisi mari ye monopoly.
Kusarudzwa kweTekinoroji Yakaoma Kupfuura Zvazvinotaridza
Chinhu chimwe chete chandakaona muhurukuro dzeindasitiri ndechekuti kazhinji vanhu vanobata sei "simba rekuchengetedza" sechikamu ichi che monolithic. Hazvisizvo. Lithium-ion ndiyo inobata misoro yenhau, hongu, asi edza kushandisa lithium bhatiri kuchengetedza mwaka-unopisa nemumacycles nekukurumidza kupfuura zvaunogona kuverenga nguva yekubhadhara. Zvichakadaro, mabhatiri anoyerera anogara ipapo achitaridzika kufinha asi anokwidza kukosha mumaapplication anoda 4+ awa kubuda. Pumped hydro? Ichiri kuverengera ingangoita 90% yepasi rose yekuchengetedza, uye vanhu vazhinji vanokanganwa kuti iripo.
Iyo poindi ndeyekuti: kufananidza tekinoroji kune application ndizvo zvese. A flywheel system yakakwana pa frequency regulation zvingave zvisina musoro panguva-ye-kushandisa arbitrage. Kuchengetedza kwemafuta kunonzwisisika kune mamwe maindasitiri maitiro uye chero kupi kumwe. Haukwanise kuziva zvekutumira kana usinganzwisise zvakatoshandiswa-uye mafambisirwo azvakaitwa.
Uku ndiko kungwarira kwakakodzera. Asi zvinoshamisa kuti masangano mashoma anozviita nemazvo.
Grid Kugadzikana: Pane Zvinhu Zvinonetsa
Rega ndipedze nguva yakawanda ndiri pane izvi nekuti zvinofadza zvechokwadi-uye zviri kuramba zvichitsoropodza. Magetsi emagetsi emazuva ano akagadzirwa akatenderedza majenareta akakura, epakati achitenderera pane zvinofanotaurwa. Zvigadzirwa zvemarasha, mareactors enyukireya, akasanganiswa-macycle gas turbines. Michina iyi ine hukuru hunotenderera huremu (inertia) iyo inogadzika kudzikamisa frequency. Kana kudiwa kwakangoerekana kwawedzera, iyo inotenderera yakawanda inotenga iwe nguva.
Renewable simba rinoshandura equation zvachose. Solar panel uye maturbine emhepo haatenderere nenzira imwechete. Iwo akabatanidzwa kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi anopindura zvakasiyana. Sezvo magetsi anovandudzwa achidya mukugadzirwa kwechinyakare{3}}Germany yakarova 59% magetsi anogona kuvandudzwa muna 2023-grid vagadziri vakatarisana nedambudziko rakasiyana.
Apa ndipo panowanikwa maapplication ekuchengetedza echokwadi kubva kune tekinoroji maonero. Mabhatiri masisitimu anogona kupindura mumamillisecond. Kwete masekondi-milliseconds. Izvo zvinokurumidza kupfuura chero jenareta remagetsi. Iyo UK's National Grid yanga ichiedza ne "enhanced frequency response" masevhisi ayo mabhatiri masisitimu anotonga zvachose. PJM Interconnection iri kumabvazuva kweUnited States yakaona mabhatiri achitora chikamu chikuru chemusika wavo wefrequency regulation kanenge husiku.
Asi-uye iyi imhinduro hombe asi{1}}inokasira handizvo zvese. Mhinduro yakatsiga ine basa zvakare. Uye nguva. Uye nzvimbo pane grid. Uye mari yekudzorera nzira. Kudyidzana kuri pakati pezvinhu izvi kunogona kuita dizzyingly kuomarara, ndosaka kuongorora zviripo zvekushandisa zvine basa. Theory chete inokusvitsa kure.
Regulatory Headaches
Ini ndichave ndakatendeseka: Ndinoona nyaya dzekutonga dzisinganakidze kunyora nezvazvo, asi zvine nharo dzakakosha kupfuura tekinoroji pachayo. Zvinhu zvekuchengetera zvinowanzowira pakati pezvikamu zvetsika zvetsika. Bhatiri jenareta here? Mutoro? Transmission infrastructure? Mhinduro inobata zvese kubva pakubvumidza nguva kusvika kumikana yekuunganidza mari.
FERC Order 841 muUnited States yakayedza kujekesa zvinhu nekuda kuti misika yemisika iwane pekugara. YeEurope Yakachena Energy Package yakatora nzira yakasiyana. Musika weAustralia weNational Electricity Market une zvawo zvawo. Kunzwisisa kuti mirau inoumba sei kushanda kwekushandisa munzvimbo dzakasiyana kunoda kudzidza kutumirwa chaiko-zvakatenderwa, zvakarambwa, chii chisina kumira zvakanaka.
Kudzidza Kubva Kukundikana (Kwete Kungobudirira)
Wese munhu anoda kutaura nezveTesla's Big Battery kana iyo Moss Landing nzvimbo. Zvakakwana-izvi zvibudiriro zvemazvirokwazvo. Asi ndinopokana kuti unodzidza zvakawanda kubva kumapurojekiti akaenda parutivi.
Kuputika kwebhatiri reMcMicken muArizona muna 2019 kwakauraya vadzimi vemoto vaviri uye kukuvadza vamwe vakati wandei. Kuferefeta kwakaratidza kutadza mukutonga kwekupisa, dhizaini yekufemesa, uye maprotocol ekupindura kwechimbichimbi. Idzi dzanga dzisiri njodzi dzinoshamisa-zvaionekwa nekuongorora kwakanaka kwezvakaitika kare. The South Korean battery fire tambo muna 2017-2019 (23 fires!) yaifanira kunge yakaita kuti indasitiri iongororwe zvakare. Zvakadaro, pakupedzisira, asi kwete pamberi pekukuvadza kukuru.
Kudivi rezvokutengeserana, kuseri kwe--kumisikidzwa kwemamita kwakatadza kushanda zvakanaka kwavaifungidzira kuti mari yavakachengeta haina kunzwisiswa, kana kuti solar-pamwe- saizi yekuchengetera yakagadziridzwa kwenguva isiriyo. Uku hakusi kukundikana kweinjiniya-ndiko kukundikana kwekuongorora kwezvishandiso.
Kuseri kwe-kwe-Meter Complexity
Vatengi vezvekutengesa nevemaindasitiri vanotarisana neminzwa yakanyanya seti yekufunga. Mari dzinodiwa, nguva-ye-yekushandisa, mitemo yekubatanidza, simba rekuchengetedza, zvipingamupinyi, kutevedza kuchengetedzwa kwemoto, nzira dzekubhadhara mari-zvose izvi zvinopindirana panzvimbo{4}}idzo nzira dzinoita kuti makuki{5}}nenjodzi yekuchekeresa.
Chirimwa chemishonga chine stringent uptime zvinodiwa chinokoshesa kuchengetedza zvakasiyana pane imba yekuchengetera inomhanyisa mamiriro ekunze. Nzvimbo yedata yatova nemajenareta edhiziri ekuchengetedza-kuchengetera kunoenderana here kana kukwikwidza? Zvitoro zvezvitoro zvine mitoro yakanyanya asi ine mari shoma yemari. Imwe neimwe application inotaridzika zvakasiyana.
Vatengesi vari kutengesa masisitimu aya vanosimbisa zviripachena-zviitiko. Yakazvimirira application wongororo inopa inodiwa kugadzirisa.
Emerging Applications Worth Watching
Virtual simba zvinomera. Mota-ku-kubatanidzwa kwegrid. Yenguva refu-kuchengetera kuenzanisa mwaka. Izvi zvichiri kubuda, uye kutaura chokwadi, ini handisati ndave nemhedziso dzakasimba dzekupa. Asi ndiyo nzira{{7}kuenderera mberi nekuongorora kunoita kuti urambe uripo apo mamiriro anochinja.
Saka Chii Chaunofanira Kuita?
Ongorora mashandisirwo ekuchengetedza simba zvine hurongwa. Kwete se-nguva imwe chete yekurovedza muviri, asi sekugara uchidzidzira. Nyorera kune dhatabhesi rezviitiko. Tevedzera madhoketi anodzora. Enda kumisangano yeindasitiri uko vashandisi vanogovana data rekuita chaiko kwete kufungidzira kwekushambadzira. Taura nevanhu vakaisa masisitimu uye vabvunze kuti chii chakavashamisa.
Verenga mapepa ehunyanzvi, hongu, asi verengawo zvakatumirwa-mortems. Iyo National Renewable Energy Laboratory inoburitsa yakanakisa ongororo. Ndizvo zvinoita Electric Power Research Institute. Energy-Storage.news inovharidzira kutumirwa pasi rose netarisiro ine musoro.
Shanduko yesimba yakakosha-uye inodhura zvakanyanya-kuzvifambisa nekuziva wega. Yakarongeka application wongororo harisi basa rakanaka, asi ndiyo hwaro zvimwe zvese zvinogara pazviri.
Uye chaizvo, kana usiri kuita izvi kare, unofanira kutanga.